Expresses the problem of existence in its general form. The problem of existence in its most general, ultimate form is expressed by the philosophical category of being
The main difference between the position of realism and nominalism was that... realists recognized the independent existence of general properties, but nominalists did not
The main political system of society is... State
The main way consciousness exists is... Knowledge
The main functions of social knowledge are methodological and... axiological
The basis of the world is consciousness, they believe... idealists
The founder of the German classical philosophy is... I. Kant
The founder of the doctrine of the atomic structure of matter is... Democritus
The founder of phenomenology is... E. Husserl
Negation in dialectics is... transition of a system from one state to another, accompanied by the preservation of some elements of the old state
Sensations, perceptions and ideas are forms NOT rational knowledge
The first systematic presentation of the doctrine of development belongs to... Hegel
The first European university was opened in... Bologna
A person faces the question of the meaning of life, since man is mortal
A person’s experience of himself as a rational spiritual being is associated with... self-awareness
The transition from one quality to another is called... Leap
According to K. Marx, man is... public relations ensemble
The cognitive ability of a person, expressing the absolute, universal laws of reality, is... intelligence
The thesis that the earth moves around the Sun and is not the center of the Universe was proven by... Copernicus
The position that each person can only be an end for another, but not a means, was justified... Kant
Laid the foundation of non-classical philosophy.- ...Schopenhauer
The understanding of freedom as a “conscious necessity” belongs to ... to Hegel
Understanding the course of history as a struggle between the Earthly City and the City of God is characteristic of... Aurelius Augustine
The concept... is opposite in meaning to the concept of “truth”: Lie
The concept of “culture” means first of all... system of material and spiritual values created by humanity
The concept of “cultural-historical type” was first formulated by... N.Ya. Danilevsky
The concept of "social consciousness" means... a set of ideas, views, and perceptions common to social groups of people or society as a whole
The concept of “social consciousness” means a set of ideas, views, perceptions common to social groups of people or society as a whole
The concept of “existence” is the central concept of the philosophical movement... existentialism
The concept of “traditional society” means: pre-capitalist, pre-industrial society
The concepts of “culture” and “society” are related as follows... There is a meaningful connection between them, but they are not identical
Comprehension by consciousness of the diverse aspects and connections of existence is... Cognition
The progressive development of society from lower to higher levels is called historical progress
Pragmatists are those who believe that... Only that which is useful and profitable, that which brings success, is NOT true.
Practice - this is NOT a prediction of the course of events
The subject of philosophy is... The universal in the “world-man” system
The representative of the stage theory of social development is... A. Toffler
The representative of empiricism in the philosophy of modern times was... Francis Bacon
Representatives of voluntarism are... Schoppenhauer, Nietzsche
The idea that natural conditions, climate, and terrain completely determine the development of society... geographical determinism
The ideas of ancient thinkers about the variability of the world are characterized as... Spontaneous dialectics
The following position corresponds to the ideas of the modern scientific picture of the world... Space and time represent a single continuum
spontaneous dialectic
Beautiful, harmonious, sublime belong to the categories of... values. Aesthetic
The characteristic of truth is... Specificity
The sign that characterizes the development process is... NOT amorphousness
Principle determinism asserts the universal conditionality and causality of phenomena.
The principles for resolving the antinomy of the individual and the social in man can be universalism, collectivism and... individualism
Nature as an other being of the Absolute Idea appears in philosophy... Hegel
The problem of sociocultural determination of development scientific knowledge becomes central to... post-positivism
Problems of economic life are central to philosophy... K. Marx
The problem of existence in its most general, ultimate form is expressed by the philosophical category...
The prognostic function of philosophy is... foreseeing the future
The Enlighteners were supporters of the Cult... Reason
The process of the emergence and development of man as a sociocultural being is called... anthropogenesis
The process of comprehending the meaning of something is... Understanding
The process of moving people from one social group to another is called social mobility*
The process of a person’s assimilation of a certain system of knowledge, norms and values is called... Socialization
The priority of individual goals over public goals is affirmed by individualism*
The branch of philosophy that studies the nature and essence of man is called... philosophical anthropology
Breaking objects down into their constituent elements... Analysis
Arrangement of phenomena according to degree of complexity. The criterion of complexity is belonging to the corresponding form of motion of matter:
NOT 1-defr2-frozen-scient4-born
The rationalism of R. Descartes lies in his statement...” I think - therefore I exist"
Religion is... Belief in the formation of a Supreme Mind
Religion sees the meaning of life... beyond life itself
Labor played a decisive role in the formation of man, he believed... Engels
Roman Club - this is an association global problems modernity
From the position... consciousness is a kingdom of ideas, feelings, will, independent of material existence, capable of creating and constructing reality. Idealism
From the point of view of materialism, the laws of dialectics have... universal character
From a philosophical point of view, the meaning of life lies in the presence of a person... values that a person realizes in actions
From the point of view of existentialism, a person thinks about the meaning of life... in borderline situations
Self-awareness is... the focus of a person’s consciousness on assessing his knowledge, interests, feelings, motives of behavior
Freedom is a tragic human burden, say representatives... Existentialism
The system of relationships between people that arises as a result of their joint life activities is called... society
A system of norms and rules governing the behavior and communication of people in society... Morality
A system of examples, procedures and rules used to obtain reliable knowledge is called... research method
The systematizer of scholasticism and the creator of Thomism is Thomas Aquinas*
The words “Philosophers have only explained the world in various ways, but the point is to change it” belongs to... K. Marx
The meaning of life in the Christian concept is... serving God
Contemporary issues of humanity as a whole, on the decisions of which its further existence depends, are called... global problems
According to A. Schopenhauer, everything that exists is... Will
According to Locke, the primary qualities of things include... NOT extension and shape
According to the concept of scientific revolutions by T. Kuhn, a change of paradigms in science is…. a revolution that offers a new paradigm, incommensurable with the previous one
According to reflection theory, the first and most elementary form of biological reflection is instinctive behavior
The creator of classical psychoanalysis is... Z. Freud
Solipsism is... form of subjective idealism
Correspondence between the main sections of philosophy and their content: A xiology - the study of values, A anthropology is the study of man, E tika - the doctrine of morality, G Noseology is the study of cognition, ABOUT nthology – at thinking about being, Es thetics - the study of beauty
Correspondence between the main spheres of public life and definitions of their essence:(Political - exercise by the state of power in society using legal norms and guarantees.Social sphere - the life activity of people as members of social communities and subjects of relations from the standpoint of social justice, rights and freedoms .Economic sphere - reproduction, storage and distribution of material assets, meeting the material needs of people .Spiritual realm - production, storage and distribution of society’s values, capable of satisfying the needs of the consciousness and worldview of subjects, and reproducing them spiritual world)
Correspondence between concepts and their meanings: IN oluntarism-will - higher the principle of social being and mode of social action, WITH freedom - ability b act independently with knowledge of the matter for the sake of the chosen goal, N necessity - one from signs of a natural connection between phenomena, processes and objects, F atalism - human life is the inevitable realization of primordial predestination
Correspondence between concepts and their definitions: A altruism - affirms compassion for other people and a readiness for self-denial in the name of their good and happiness. E Demonism is the doctrine of the essence, ways of achieving and criteria of happiness. A sceticism - prescribes self-denial, renunciation of worldly goods and pleasures to people . P perfectionism - the doctrine of constant striving for self-improvement . G Edonism - meaning human life sees it as pleasure . P ragmatism - sees the meaning of life in achieving success, benefit and benefit.
The relationship between the concepts of “movement” and “development” is that... development is part of movement
Is of an extremely theoretical nature
Specifics philosophical knowledge is that it... Is of an extremely general, theoretical nature.
The debate between realists and nominalists is a problem... Universals
A way of philosophizing, the basis of which is interpretation and understanding of texts, is... hermeneutics
The side of an object that determines its difference or similarity with other objects called property
Supporters dialectical materialism understand matter as... objective reality
The judgment – “consciousness not only reflects the objective world, but also creates it” characterizes... activity of consciousness
Judgment is a form of thought in which something is affirmed or denied through the connection of concepts.
The essence of ideal is... Reflection of reality in... images
There are many beginnings of being - they believe... pluralists
The essence of society, according to the naturalistic concept, is determined natural and cosmic laws
The essence of consciousness reflects judgment... consciousness is a subjective image of the objective world, it is the result of an active reflection of the world
The essence of man is unity... Biological and social
The essence of language is that it is... a sign system that serves to record, store and transmit information
The sphere of identity of subject and object, according to F. Schelling, is ... art
The thesis “Science is the plague of the 20th century” characterizes the meaning of the position... antiscientism
The thesis about the social nature of man is defended by... Marxism
The thesis: “Consciousness not only reflects the world, but also creates it” means that... man, relying on the known laws of nature, can change both the natural and social world, create objects that did not exist before man
The theme of freedom as a condition for creativity is one of the central ones in the works of: Berdyaev
The theory of natural law was developed by... John Locke
The theory of socio-economic formation was developed by...
Theory agnosticism denies the possibility of knowing the essence of objects and processes objective reality. agnosticism
The theory of “two truths” has become widespread in... late medieval era
The theory that explains the origin of man as a biological species is called... Anthropogenesis
The term agnosticism means... the idea of the unknowability of the world
The term “non-violence” in the worldview of L. N. Tolstoy means... non-harm to another
What lies at the bottom is the essence, what philosophers call... Substance
The tragedy of human freedom, from the point of view of existentialism, is due to the need NOT practical activities
traditions, customs, rules of behavior, peculiarities of speech, is called... subculture
Labor and language are social factors in the emergence... Consciousness
Universal beginning philosophical system of J. Fichte is the Kantian principle... autonomy of will
He likened human consciousness to a “blank slate”... Locke
The doctrine in Russian philosophy of the late XIX - early XX centuries about the inextricable unity of man, Earth and space - ... Cosmism
The doctrine of the universal conditionality of objective phenomena is called... Determinism
The doctrine of predestination and inevitability of fate is called... Fatalism
The doctrine of cause-and-effect relationships is called... determinism
The doctrine of self-organization of matter is called... synergetics
F. Engels identifies... the main forms of motion of matter. Five
F. Nietzsche believes: “Man is a rope stretched between an animal and... Superman
A philosopher who believed that the basis of existence lies in matter and form - this is Aristotle
Philosophy arose during the period... 7-6c BC
Philosophy acts as... Knowledge about the world in general...
Plato's philosophy has a character objective idealism
Philosophy, unlike religion, is... theoretical form of understanding existence
Philosophy of technology - this is a branch of philosophical knowledge that arose later than all the others
The philosopher who divided philosophy into natural theology, natural philosophy and metaphysics is... F. Bacon
Philosophical concept, which considers space and time as independent entities, independent of matter and its properties, is called ... substantial
The philosophical concept that views space and time as an expression of the relationships between material objects is called relational
Philosophical science, which studies the general principles of figurative comprehension of the world in the process of human activity, is called.. Aesthetics
A philosophical movement that questions the possibility of knowing objective reality is called... Skepticism
Philosophical teaching, which recognizes spirit and matter as independent, independent principles is called... dualism
Form is... mutual connection of content elements
The form of spiritual life of society, based on the figurative perception of the surrounding world, is called... Art
A form of thinking that identifies and records the general, essential properties and relationships of objects is called... Concept
The function of philosophy associated with clarifying the nature of problems that require changes in the cognitive apparatus of special sciences is called... methodological
The nature and form of progressively directed changes is revealed by the law... Negations of negations
Characteristic feature Russian idealistic philosophy is anthropocentrism
A characteristic feature of the modern stage of human development is... uneven development of individual countries and peoples
A characteristic difference between the philosophical approach to the study of man and the natural science approach is... understanding the essence of man in the unity of his biological, social and spiritual manifestations
A characteristic property of time is... irreversibility
Chronological sequence of stages of anthropogenesis:
· 4-Cro-Magnon
· 1-australopithecus
· 2-pithecanthropus
· 3-Neanderthal
· 5-modern man
The central theme of A. Camus’ philosophy is the question of... meaning of human existence
Civilization is a stable community of people united by spiritual traditions, a similar way of life, historical and geographical boundaries, he believes A. Toynbee
1. Questions: “Does the world exist by itself or does it exist from God? What lies behind the changes taking place in the world? What are the basic laws and driving forces of its development? Refer to…
a) philosophical anthropology; c) ontologies;
b) epistemology; d) social philosophy.
2. The problem of existence in its general view expresses a philosophical category...
a) essence; c) being;
b) existence; d) existence.
3. The concept of “being” was introduced into philosophy:
a) Democritus; c) Aristotle;
b) Parmenides; d) Pythagoras.
4. A form of being that does not have its own essence and exists only as the interaction of other forms is called...
a) consciousness; c) substance;
b) virtuality; d) matter.
5. Mathematical theorems and laws of formal logic have _____ existence.
a) objective-ideal; c) subjective-ideal;
b) material; d) virtual.
6. The identification of being as an “all-encompassing reality” - and substance - as the basis of the universe - is observed in philosophy...
a) New Time; c) Antiquity;
b) Middle Ages; d) Renaissance.
7. Thesis: “Being is, and there is only being; there is no non-existence, and it is impossible to think of it,” expressed...
a) Protagoras; c) Pythagoras;
b) Parmenides; d) Hegel.
8. Objective reality, given to us in sensations, according to V.I. Lenin, is called...
a) the world; c) nature;
b) the Universe; d) matter.
9. Physical vacuum, elementary particles, fields, atoms, molecules, planets, stars, the Universe belong to...
a) biological systems; V) social systems;
b) systems of inanimate nature; d) virtual systems.
10. In the formation of the modern scientific picture of the world, a prominent place belongs to __________, which proves nature’s ability to self-organize and self-order.
a) synergetics; c) apologetics;
b) eclecticism; d) dialectics.
11. A form of being that characterizes the extension, structure of any material systems, is denoted by the concept:
a) time; c) matter;
b) space; d) movement.
12. The substantial concept of space-time is characterized by:
a) space and time are connected with each other and with matter;
b) space and time are a priori forms of sensibility of the knowing subject;
c) space and time are the product of a spiritual, non-human principle;
d) space and time are not connected with each other and with matter.
13. The form of being that expresses the duration and sequence of changes in the states of material objects is called...
a) movement; c) time;
b) space; d) development.
14. A natural scientific justification for the connection between matter, motion, space and time is given...
a) the theory of relativity; c) classical physics;
b) synergy; d) physicalism.
15. The idea of a four-dimensional space-time continuum was first expressed...
a) T. Kalutsey; c) O. Klein;
b) A. Einstein; d) I. Newton.
16. The philosophical theory about the universality of movement and development of all things is called:
a) synergy; c) dialectics;
b) socionics; d) metaphysics.
17. Synergetics is:
a) the doctrine of the development of knowledge, society and man; c) speculative philosophy of nature.
b) theory of self-organization of complex systems; d) the doctrine of the supersensible foundations of existence;
18. The concept of “measure” is associated with law:
a) mutual transition of quantitative changes into qualitative ones;
b) transformation and conservation of energy;
c) interpenetration of opposites;
d) negation of negation.
19. According to dialectics, the source of development is...
a) the desire to establish balance;
b) external influence on the object;
c) any change to the object;
d) resolution of internal contradictions.
20. From the point of view of dialectical materialism, the laws of dialectics...
a) there are theoretical constructions that do not reveal themselves in objective reality;
b) have a universal character;
c) reflect the self-development of the absolute spirit;
d) are realized only in living nature.
21. The inherent ability of a person to purposefully and generally reproduce reality in an ideal form is designated by the concept...
a) sensation; c) consciousness;
b) reason; d) introspection.
22. The identification and evaluation of oneself as a thinking, feeling and acting being is:
a) self-awareness; c) worldview;
b) attitude; d) judgment.
23. Unconscious and uncontrolled by human consciousness mental processes and phenomena are called -
a) emotions; c) unconscious;
b) Eros; d) Thanatos.
24. The mental activity of animals differs from the mental activity of humans in that it:
a) serves as a regulator of adaptive behavior; c) is of a social nature;
b) due to biological laws; d) aims to transform the world.
25. From the point of view of representatives of psychoanalysis, the basis human culture is…
a) conscious forms of transformative human activity;
b) conflict between human biological nature and the demands of society;
c) the process of transforming a person’s social instinct into socially acceptable forms of activity;
d) the spiritual essence of a person, manifested in creativity.
26. The basic mental structures common to all humanity were called by Jung K.G.:
a) stereotypes; c) complexes;
b) algorithms; d) archetypes.
27. When considering consciousness from the point of view of its connection with the material carrier, a substitution of the philosophical and ____________ view of consciousness often occurs.
a) ordinary; c) aesthetic;
b) mythological; d) natural science.
28. The main feature of consciousness from the point of view of phenomenology is:
a) intentionality; c) ideality;
b) materiality; d) subjectivity.
29. Creativity of consciousness is expressed in...
a) the ability to create something new; c) lack of meaning in actions;
b) lack of ability to create something new; d) giving meaning to an object of consciousness.
30. The Christian understanding of the meaning of life lies in...
a) transformation of the world; c) salvation of the soul;
b) accumulation of knowledge; d) material enrichment.
31. Man lives in two worlds: natural and...
a) aesthetic; c) ethnic;
b) class; d) social.
32. From the point of view of existentialism, a person thinks about the meaning of life in...
a) state of intoxication; c) when turning to faith;
b) out of boredom; d) in a borderline situation.
33. The concept of existence was introduced to mean:
a) the existence of things and processes; c) a specifically human way of being;
b) virtual reality; d) the existence of nature.
34. In the philosophy of existentialism, the true way of existence is:
a) a person’s immersion in the world of things; c) teaching the principles of “wise life”;
b) being in the face of death; d) following the universal cosmic law.
35. The meaning of an individual’s life is not to save the soul and serve God, but to serve society, they argued:
a) Plato, Hegel, Marxists; c) Camus, Sartre, Jaspers;
b) Lyotard, Derrida, Ricoeur; d) Tertullian, Augustine, Aquinas.
36. The doctrine of man as a social being was developed in philosophy:
a) creationism; c) existentialism;
b) positivism; d) Marxism.
37. The question of the meaning of life is generated by thinking about whether life is worth living if every person...
a) vicious; c) unspiritual;
b) ugly; d) mortal.
38. Personality as a subject of social relations is characterized...
a) activity; c) objectivity;
b) collectivity; d) reversibility.
39. Personality as a special individual entity became the object of philosophical analysis during the period...
a) Renaissance; c) New time;
b) Middle Ages; d) Antiquity.
40. The article by F. Engels “The Role of Labor in the Process of Transformation of Ape into Man” outlines the so-called __________ theory of the origin of man, consciousness, and language.
a) theological; c) mutagenic;
b) labor; d) naturalistic.
41. Comprehension by consciousness of the diverse aspects and connections of existence is:
a) initiation; c) practice;
b) cognition; d) creativity.
42. The collective and individual carrier of cognitive activity is called _________ cognition:
a) subject; c) purpose;
b) means; d) object;
43. The result of the cognition process, presented as a set of information about something, is:
a) wisdom; c) truth;
b) intelligence; d) knowledge.
44. Deliberate distortion of reality by a subject is interpreted as...
a) explanation; c) lie;
b) delusion; d) truth.
45. Misconception is usually understood as:
a) dependence on other people’s opinions; c) limited knowledge;
b) deliberate distortion of information; d) discrepancy between knowledge and reality.
46. Only practice is the goal, source and criterion of knowledge and creativity, representatives argued:
a) Marxism; c) solipsism;
b) Thomism; d) existentialism.
47. According to representatives of _________, “knowledge about things is changeable and fluid, and therefore every thing can be said in two ways and in the opposite way.”
a) skepticism; c) agnosticism;
b) epistemological optimism; d) dogmatism.
48. The position of agnosticism is presented in the doctrine:
a) Descartes R.; c) Aristotle;
b) Kant I.; d) Bacon F.
49. Establish a correspondence between the concepts of truth and their basic provisions:
1. “True knowledge is that which has good consequences for human life and which can be successfully applied in practice.”
2. Truth is the correspondence of knowledge to objective reality.
3. Truth is the consistency of knowledge with a more general, encompassing system of knowledge.
A. Coherent
B. Pragmatic
S. Korrespondenskaya
50. The main difference between scientific and non-scientific knowledge is...
a) objectivity; c) theoretical;
b) rationality; d) systematic.
51. The main methods of empirical research are... (2 correct answers)
a) scientific observation; d) interpretation;
b) description of the object; e) formalization;
c) axiomatic method; e) experiment.
52. The main forms of theoretical knowledge include...(3 correct answers)
a) problem; c) law;
b) hypothesis; d) convention;
d) observation.
53. Ideas and concepts acting on behalf of science, imitating its features, but not meeting the standards of scientificity, refer to:
a) philosophy; c) pseudoscience;
b) parascience; d) paradigm.
54. The philosophical and ideological position of a negative attitude towards science and technology due to their hostility to man and culture is called:
a) anti-scientism; c) scientism;
b) humanism; d) nihilism.
55. The process of replacing the old disciplinary matrix with a new paradigm is called...
a) scientific revolution; c) demarcation;
b) verification; d) proliferation.
56. An attempt to distinguish between scientific and non-scientific knowledge, to determine the boundaries of the field of scientific knowledge is called a problem...
a) logic; c) demarcation;
b) idealization; d) modernization.
57. Determining the specifics of scientific knowledge, K. Popper put forward the principle...
a) falsification; c) unification;
b) codification; d) verification.
58. Modern Western concepts of scientific revolutions - as a change of paradigms or research programs - were developed...
a) Kuhn T. and Lakatos I.; c) Lyotard J. and Derrida J.;
b) Lenin V.I. and Plekhanov G.V.; d) Gadamer G. and Heidegger M.
59. A representative of modern philosophy of science, who believes that the growth of scientific knowledge occurs as a result of the proliferation (reproduction) of theories and hypotheses, is...
a) P. Feyerabend; c) K. Popper;
b) I. Lakatos; d) O. Kont.
60. A spiritual and material formation relatively independent from nature, generated by various forms of joint human activity, is called...
a) the state; c) society;
b) noosphere; d) formation.
61. The idea of a linear orientation of social life arose in:
a) New time; in the Middle Ages;
b) Renaissance; d) Antiquity.
62. The philosopher who proposed the concept of the “axial era” to explain the unity of world history is:
a) Engels F.; c) Jaspers K.;
b) Toynbee A.; d) Hobbes T.
63. From the point of view of A. Toynbee, civilization can avoid destruction if...
a) a high level will be reached technical development;
b) unity in spirit will be achieved;
c) socio-economic problems will be resolved;
d) environmental problems will be solved.
64. Match the name of the philosopher and the concept that characterizes his concept of the development of society.
1. K. Jaspers A. World Mind
2. G.F. V. Hegel V. Socio-economic formation
3. K. Marx S. “Axial Time”
65. _________ argued that civilization is the “death of culture.”
a) O. Spegler; c) D. Vico;
b) K. Jaspers; d) F. Engels.
66. Applying materialist philosophy to the field of history, K. Marx and F. Engels were the creators of:
a) vulgar materialism; c) natural scientific materialism;
b) historical materialism; d) metaphysical materialism.
67. The growing interdependence of various countries, regions, economic and cultural integration of humanity is expressed in the concept:
a) ideologization; c) globalization;
b) informatization; d) technologization.
68. The international public organization, created in 1968 to analyze the most pressing problems of our time, was named:
a) London Club; c) Heidelberg Club;
b) Club of Rome; d) Paris Club.
69. Today, humanity has two options: either continue to conquer the world around us, sharing the “fate of the dinosaurs,” or survive by conquering...
a) other people; c) weak countries and peoples;
b) nature; d) yourself, your aggressiveness and selfishness.
70. Global problems associated with an excessive increase in the Earth's population, deteriorating public health, aging populations in developed countries, high birth rates in underdeveloped countries are called….
a) political; c) environmental;
b) demographic; d) economic.
71. Problems related to disarmament, prevention of thermonuclear war, world social and economic development are classified as ___________ problems.
a) intersocial; c) natural-social;
b) anthropo-social; d) far-fetched.
72. Post-industrial society in the context of the “information revolution” is characterized by the concept...
a) “information society”; c) “social dynamics”;
b) “ideal type of society”; d) “world-historical spirit.”
73. The basis of the philosophical picture of the world is the solution to the problem...
a) knowledge; c) being;
b) values; d) science.
74. The fundamental physical theory created at the beginning of the twentieth century to explain micro-movements, which underlies the modern scientific picture of the world, is called...
a) quantum mechanics; c) microelectronics;
b) minimalism; d) organic chemistry.
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The central problem of medieval philosophy is the proof of the existence of God
at the core classical concept truth lies in the principle of correspondence
from the position of agnosticism, essence and phenomenon are dialectically interconnected
From the point of view of sensationalism, the basis of knowledge is sensations
the branch of philosophy that studies being, existence is called ontology
the type of matter that exists exclusively on Earth is called social..
the doctrine according to which the meaning of life is the achievement of happiness is called eudaimonism
The specificity of the philosophical approach is that a person is considered as a being striving for perfection
A single representative of the human race without taking into account the characteristics of the individual
The manifestation of the transcendental nature of philosophy includes... the ability to go beyond the limits of human knowledge
The branch of philosophy that studies scientific knowledge is called ... epistemology
The explanatory and informational function, the cultural and educational function belong to the ideological functions.
The methodological functions of philosophy include... coordinating
The universal beginning of I. Fichte’s philosophical system is the Kantian principle ... of the autonomy of the will
Peirce is a representative of pragmatism, a philosophical movement that criticizes classical philosophy for its abstractness and isolation from the problems of a specific person.
K. Popper is associated with the postpositivist direction in modern philosophy
Representatives of the anti-scientist position in modern Western European philosophy include...G. Rickert
The problem of existence in its most general, ultimate form is expressed by the philosophical category of being
Development, from the point of view of dialectics, is... an irreversible, progressive change in objects of the material and spiritual world
The philosophical position that identifies spiritual phenomena with physical states of the brain is called ... vulgar materialism
The social form of cognition that accompanies man throughout his entire history is play.
The leading epistemological problem in the philosophy of modern times is the problem of the relationship between the subject and objective reality
Knowledge that corresponds to historical conditions and the level of mastery of reality is called relative truth.
According to the principle of verifiability, a sign of scientific knowledge is... the possibility of its reduction to protocol sentences
The founder of phenomenology is...E. Husserl
What is common in solving the problem of man in Marxism, Freudianism and existentialism is... the denial of the ahistorical nature of the essence of man
The “superhuman” in the essence of man was seen by... F. Nietzsche
Civilization is seen as a value of all cultures, which has a single universal human character... Jaspers
The doctrine of values is called... axiology
The transition of an individual or social object from one social position to another is called social... mobility
The understanding of freedom as independence from power is characteristic of representatives of ... anarchism
The essence of the transformative function of culture is... changing nature, society and man
The philosopher who expressed the idea of the influence of technology and electronics on all aspects of social life is ... Z. Brzezinski
The axiological function of philosophy is expressed in the orientation of a person towards certain values, the development of these universal values.
The essence of the critical function of philosophy is... understanding the achievements of culture, analyzing mistakes, illusions
The following position corresponds to the ideas of the modern scientific picture of the world: Space and time represent a single continuum.
The philosopher who first formulated the problem of being and non-being in philosophy is ... Parmenides
The manifestation of the divine principle in man from the position of Renaissance philosophy is... creativity
The basic laws of _________ were formulated by G. Hegel. - DIALECTICS
The concept of “existence” is the central concept of the philosophical movement ... existentialism
Materialism of the 17th century was ________ in nature. mechanistic
One-dimensionality, homogeneity, irreversibility - properties of such an attribute of matter as... time
Dialectics in its development relies primarily on...natural science
From the point of view of solipsism, consciousness always deals with ... the subjective Self
An indirectly sensory image of an object, created on the basis of perception, is called... representation
The limitation of the possibilities of knowledge by the historical conditions of society is characterized by such a property of truth as...processuality
Section of philosophical knowledge, the subject of which is general patterns and trends scientific knowledge, called...epistemology
The initial step of scientific research is... formulating the problem
In Taoism, the meaning of life lies in... man’s desire for naturalness, closeness to nature
The main feature of modern development of society, from the point of view of the theory of modernism, is ... the introduction into life of the achievements of Western culture
F. Nietzsche understands culture as... the lifestyle of a people
The idea of improving human qualities as the basis for overcoming the global crisis was expressed by... A. Peccei
The philosophical doctrine of values is ... axiology
The worldview function of philosophy ... contributes to the formation of a holistic view of the world
Philosophy, unlike religion, is... a theoretical form of understanding existence
The ancient philosopher who created the concept of ethical intellectualism and identified virtue with knowledge was... Socrates
The largest representative of patristics is... Augustine Aurelius
The theory of natural law was developed by... John Locke
The sphere of identity of subject and object, according to F. Schelling, is... art
The philosophical movement that believes that the essence of man in its reality is the totality of social relations is called ... Marxism
The branch of philosophy that studies existence is called... ontology
The natural scientific justification for the unity of matter, motion, space and time is given in the theory of... relativity
The laws of dialectics formulated by G. Hegel do not include the law ... of the unity and struggle of opposites
The emergence in the mind of fundamentally new images and ideas is associated with such a human cognitive ability as... intuition
In epistemology, the concept of “truth” is applicable to... knowledge determined by the properties of an object
The modeling method assumes the presence of _______ properties between the object under study and its model. general essential
In the philosophy of modern times, man as the unity of two substances - body and spirit - appears in the teachings of ... R. Descartes
The principles for resolving the antinomy of the individual and the social in man can be universalism, collectivism and... individualism
Personality is considered as the highest value in the philosophy of ... personalism
The multilinearity of social progress was defended by... N.Ya. Danilevsky
Culture from the position of axiology appears as... a system of values and ideals
TO philosophical ideas and the principles include... the ideals of humanism, freedom and justice
The subject of the study of social philosophy is... the essence of society, the specifics of its existence
The function common to philosophy and religion is… existential
Nature as an other being of the Absolute Idea appears in the philosophy of ... G. Hegel
Albert Camus is a representative of... existentialism
The most prominent representatives of Russian conservatism include... being
Subjective idealism differs from objective... by accepting the consciousness of the subject, human sensations as primary
The main functions of social knowledge are methodological and... axiological
A form of thinking that identifies and records the general, essential properties and relationships of objects is called... a concept
Dogmatism declares certain provisions or entire teachings... to be true. absolute
Indicate a judgment that expresses the unity of biological and social determination of a person. Human social properties are formed on the basis of biological ones.
Self-organization as a factor in the development of a social system is affirmed ... by synergetics
The main features of Eastern civilization include... the dominance of traditions
Representatives of postmodern philosophy include... J. Deleuze
The representative of Westernism in Russian philosophical thought is ... V. Belinsky
The basic principles of existence that determine the structure of the world are studied by... ontology
A feature of the understanding of being in dialectical materialism is that... the concept of being as such is discarded
According to the dialectical-materialist concept of development, chance is... the realization of one of many possibilities
The ability to extract and process information allows a person to operate not with the objects themselves, but with representing... signs
Direct comprehension of the integrity of an object acts as... understanding
According to the concept of scientific revolutions by T. Kuhn, a change of paradigms in science is... a revolution that offers a new paradigm that is incommensurate with the previous one
The “duality” of human essence is most acutely manifested in ... the antinomy of spirit and body
The process of a person’s assimilation of a certain system of knowledge, norms and values is called ... socialization
Culture in a broad sense is ... transformative human activity and its results
The idea of suppressing the sensual nature, refusing pleasures in order to release internal energy is characteristic of... asceticism
The subject of the study of social philosophy is... the essence of society, the specifics of its existence
The profane and sacred areas of existence are characteristic of the __________ picture of the world. religious
The main difference between the position of realism and nominalism was that... realists recognized the independent existence of general properties, but nominalists did not
The philosophical system of K. Marx is based on the principles of ... dialectical materialism
The basis of the human psyche, according to S. Freud, is... “It”
The branch of philosophy that studies existence is called...ontology
Can be inductive or deductive. inferences
The first thinker to raise the question of the difference between philosophy and other areas of knowledge was... Aristotle
The subject of the study of social philosophy is...being, forms and ways of being of the world
The prognostic function of philosophy is expressed in the following... to predict the future course of events
The profane and sacred areas of existence are characteristic of the __________ picture of the world. mechanistic scientific
Plato's philosophy has the character of... subjective idealism
The main question of philosophy is formulated as a question about the relationship between ... man and the world
2. The science that studies the first principles and causes was called by Aristotle...metaphysics/1st phil./
3. Justification of the independence of science from philosophy is ... positivism
Most early form spiritual and practical exploration of the world by humanity is considered ...religion/mythology/
F. Engels called the question of the relationship of thinking to being, spirit to nature the main question ... of philosophy
“Religion exists insofar as God exists and his creation, man, who feels the presence of the Creator,” states ... theism
As a system of views on the world and the place of man in it, philosophy acts as ... the theory of the basis of the worldview
Human spiritual activity associated with the desire for wisdom is realized in... philosophy
Choose the correct relationship between the concepts of “philosophy” and “science”:... Philosophy is the methodology of science
Structure of philosophy
1. The most general questions of being in philosophy are explored by ... anthology
2. Epistemology is the philosophical doctrine of…cognition
3. The philosophical doctrine of values and their nature is called... axiology
4. Philosophy, studied in the process of its prehistory, emergence, formation and development, is... the history of philosophy
5. Philosophical anthropology is the philosophical doctrine of ... man
6. Social philosophy- this is the most generalized knowledge about (b) ...society
7. Social philosophy studies society as a special kind of reality
8. In modern philosophy, the doctrine of scientific knowledge is called...episemology
The study of the essence and origin of morality, the meaning of moral norms in human life is...
Basic laws and forms of thinking are studied...in logic
Aesthetics deals with the understanding of ideas about the beautiful and the ugly, the comic and the tragic in human life and society.
The question of what truth is and what its criteria are considered in...
Functions of philosophy
1. The theoretical core, the core of the spiritual culture of man and society is called ... philosophy
The formation of a holistic picture of the world and human existence in it is associated with the ________ function of philosophy.
Philosophical knowledge used in science, politics, education, etc. as a guide in spiritual and practically transformative activities, acts as ...
Philosophy, by helping an individual find a positive and deep meaning in life and navigate crisis situations, realizes its _________ function.
When philosophy teaches not to immediately accept or reject anything without deep and independent reflection and analysis, then its activity is associated with the _____________ function.
The prognostic________ function of philosophy is based on its ability, in conjunction with science, to predict the general course of development of existence.
By developing certain ideas about values, forming a social ideal, philosophy performs an __axiological_______ function.
The justification of the value of man and his freedom, the solution to the question of the meaning of life is connected with the __worldview.__________ function.
Genesis of philosophy
1. If Eastern philosophy is characterized as mystical, then European philosophy is…rationalistic
2. Modern philosophy, which denies the rationality of the world, its natural character, is characterized as... irrational
3. The emergence of modern non-classical irrationalistic philosophy is associated with the names...Nizia
4. The Greek words phileo - love and sophia - wisdom gave rise to the term ... philosophy
5. As an independent spiritual and cultural education, philosophy arose...in ancient Greece
According to legend, the first who refused to call himself a sage, but only a wise man, i.e. philosopher, was... Pythagoras
Philosophy arose in the period... from the 7th century. BC. According to 6 AD
The first European philosopher to raise the question of the origin of the world is... Thales
Ancient Greek philosophy originates as ... rationality.
The principle of retribution in Indian philosophy is called... karma
The doctrine of the “noble husband” was developed ... by Confucius
The individual spiritual principle in Indian philosophy is called ... aktan
Karma is...the law of retribution in individual religion and religion, philosophy, def. Character of new birth reincarnation
The founder of Taoism is: Lao Tzu
According to Buddhism, life is...suffering
"Four noble truths» are the basis of...Buddhism
Reorientation ancient philosophy from the theme of nature to the theme of man is associated with the name...Socrates
The first Greek and at the same time the first European philosopher - ... Thales
Outstanding thinker and scientist of Antiquity, creator of the Lyceum - ... Aristotle
The Sophists and Socrates entered the history of Ancient philosophy with their focus on the problem... of man
Number is recognized as the basis of being in school:...Pythagoras
Philosopher who believed that the basis of existence lies in matter and form:...Aristotle
Ancient philosopher who created logic...Aristotle
Philosopher who believed that the basis of existence lies in the transcendental idea of the Good:...Plato
The classical period in ancient philosophy is associated with the names... Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
The saying “Plato is my friend, but truth is dearer” belongs to... Aristotle
“Know yourself,” urged ... Thales / Epicurus /
The development of “maieutics” as a way to achieve truth is associated with the name ... Socrates
Medieval philosophy
1. According to __realism________, individual things have true existence, and general concepts- these are the “names” to designate them
2. The value of knowledge as a means of strengthening faith in the Middle Ages was substantiated by... Augustine
3. The opposition of knowledge and faith, the assertion of their incompatibility in the Middle Ages is associated with the name of... Tertulian
4. Philosophy in the Middle Ages occupied a subordinate position in relation to... RELIGION
5. The most important feature of the philosophical worldview in the Middle Ages is recognized... theocentrism / faith and reason /
The most important theme for medieval philosophy was... GOD
The main provisions of the Christian religion were formulated by thinkers of the era of the “Church Fathers”, i.e. -...geologists
IX - XIV centuries in medieval European philosophy are called the stage... scholasticism
Five rational proofs of the existence of God were given by... F. Aquinas
The doctrine of the creation of the world by God, immediately and from Nothing, is called... creationism
Christian philosophy is inextricably linked with spiritualism_________, according to which everything in history and the destinies of people is predetermined by the will of God
The age-old debate of medieval thinkers about “universals”, i.e. general concepts, divided them into two main camps: realists and nominalists
Medieval scholasticism is focused on teaching...the desire to organize and accessible Christian dogma
Renaissance philosophy
1. Ideological movement, which appeared during the Renaissance, is called... humanism
The Renaissance is characterized by... anthropocentrism
The attention of Renaissance thinkers was directed primarily to...man
Questions of the philosophy of politics during the Renaissance were developed ... Campanella, More
The creator of “Utopia,” which describes a picture of an ideal society without private property, is ... T. More
German cardinal, whose doctrine of the coincidence of opposites contributed to the rejection of the geocentric model of the world:...Cusanian
The Renaissance became a negation of medieval...scholasticism
The basis of the natural philosophy of the Renaissance is...pantheism
Philosophy of the New Age
1. Problems of the theory of knowledge, the search for a scientific method, are becoming central in European philosophy ... of modern times
2. Representatives of rationalism in the philosophy of the 17th century are... Descartes, Leibniz, Spinoza
3. Representatives of empiricism in the philosophy of the 17th century are... Thomas, Hobbes, Berkeley, Young
4. The founder of German classical philosophy is...Kant
5. New type dialectics, based not on idealism, but on materialism, was created in the middle of the 19th century ... by Marx and Engels
6. The turn from classical philosophy to non-classical and irrational is associated with such names as ... Molengauer, Nicia, Kjaer
Sensualism is a doctrine directly related to: sensations, feelings
The greatest merit of German classical philosophy is associated with the development of: dialectics
The teaching of K. Marx and F. Engels is characterized as...ideal, materialism
The philosophical position of J. Berkeley and D. Hume is characterized as: skepticism
The teaching of L. Feuerbach is characterized as... anthropologism
The justification for the boundaries of the human mind in the knowledge of the world was given by .... Kant
The central concept of Hegel's philosophy...absolute spirit /dial/
Modern Western philosophy
1. The idea of freedom, the priority of individual existence over the social are characteristic of ... existentialism
2. Analytical philosophy includes…/neo/positivism
3. The founder of philosophical anthropology of the twentieth century is considered to be:... Schopennhauer
The emergence of psychoanalysis is associated with the name of... Freud
Domestic philosophy
a. The first ideas about philosophy in Rus' developed after ... the adoption of Christianity
b. The beginning of the materialist tradition in Russian philosophy was laid ... by Lomonosov
The creator of the religious and philosophical doctrine of unity in Russian philosophy was ... Solovyov
99. Representative of Russian cosmism, the teachings of Russian philosophy of the late 19th - early 20th centuries about the inextricable unity of man, Earth and space, ... Fedorov, Vernadsky
100. Ideological movement that substantiated the originality of the historical development of Russia:... Slavophiles
101. Russian philosopher, the central themes of whose work were the problems of freedom, personality and creativity: Berdyaev
102. The basis of V. Solovyov’s philosophy is the idea of ... all-unity
103. In contrast to Western individualism, the Slavophiles associated the basis of the identity of Russian civilization with ... collegiality
104. The question of the historical fate of Russia in early XIX century was staged..Chaadaev
Concepts of being
a. Ontology is a section of philosophy about...being
b. The problem of being was formulated in philosophy...of antiquity
105. The philosophical concept according to which the world has a single basis for everything that exists is called...monism
106. A philosophical doctrine that asserts the equality of two principles - material and spiritual - is called... dualism
238. A philosophical position that presupposes a plurality of initial foundations and principles of being is called... pluralism
107. Mark the correct answer
108. Depending on which sphere of existence is attributed primacy - nature or spirit, all philosophers are divided into... materialists and idealists
109. Along with natural and social being, being stands out:... physical
110. What exists on its own and does not depend on anything else, philosophers call...substance
111. Being as an objective reality is designated by the term...matter
112. Objective reality, given to us in sensations, according to V.I. Lenin, is called...matter
113. The concept ____substance________ denotes the source of unity and diversity of being, the basis of the universe
114. “Matter did not always exist, and there was a moment when it did not exist at all,” say...idealists
115. The doctrine of the plurality of substances - monads was developed by ... Leibniz
116. The doctrine of two substances, “thinking” and “extended” was developed by...Descartes
117. The doctrine of a single substance that is the cause of itself, i.e. God and nature at the same time belong to...Spinoza
118. The interpretation of existence as a “complex of sensations” is characteristic of...sensualism
119. Physical vacuum, elementary particles, fields, atoms, molecules, planets, stars, the Universe belong to... atomism/postism/
120. The way elements connect with each other is denoted by the concept:...organization
121. Considering the world as a hierarchy of complex objects, revealing their integrity, requires the principle...systematicity
123. The philosophical doctrine of the natural relationship and causality of the phenomena of the world is ... determonism
124. A group of teachings that one way or another deny the reality of causal connections in nature, society, knowledge, or at least do not recognize the universality of such connections, is designated by the concept ... indetermism
125. Determinism denies the existence of...free will
126. The discovery of laws and patterns is considered the most important task of _scientific________ knowledge
127. The action of random factors gives laws:
Movement, space, time
a. Space and time are considered as independent entities that do not depend on anything in the _substantial_________ concept
b. The interdependence of the properties of space and time is affirmed in the _relational__________ concept
c. The idea that space is an emptiness that contains all bodies and is independent of them was first expressed by thinkers ... of antiquity.
d. Space and time are called properties of individual consciousness, and not material objects...sub.idealists
The form of being that characterizes the extension and structure of any material systems is denoted by the concept ... space
The ability of objects, systems to change, to move into a different state is called... movement.
Any process of change and transition from one state to another is ... movement.
132. Natural scientific justification for the unity of matter, motion, space and time is given...
In the understanding of space and time there are _substantial and relational____________ concepts
From the point of view of the relational concept, space and time: these are relations formed by the interaction of material objects
The rationale for the substantial concept of space and time is associated with the name: Newton
Dialectics of being
a. The main content of the dialectical concept of development is described by three universal laws, first formulated by ... Tegel
b. The approval of the idea of the development of living nature is associated with the names: Vernadsky, Darwin, Chardin, Lamarck
c. The ideas of the ancients about the variability of the world are characterized as ... spontaneous dialectics
d. From the point of view of dialectics, the source of development is: contradictions
e. The dialectical law of negation of negation expresses:... direction of development
f. Changes in the system towards increasing the level of its orderliness, organization, and complexity are characterized as ... post-development
The problem of existence in its most general, ultimate form is expressed by the philosophical category “being”.
The internal ordering of a set of interconnected elements is called system.
Negation in dialectics is the transition of a system from one state to another, accompanied by the preservation of some elements of the old state.
"intentionality".
The social form of cognition that accompanies a person throughout his entire history is play cognition.
Pre-scientific knowledge is defined as “paleothinking” or ethnoscience.
According to theory P. Feyerabend, the growth of scientific knowledge occurs in the process proliferation of ideas.
First time term "civil society" used in philosophy Aristotle.
The main goal of philosophy– teach people to live correctly in accordance with the principles of freedom, justice and philanthropy (humanism).
Aesthetics- philosophical doctrine of beauty.
Critical function philosophy is expressed in the desire to “question everything.”
Science and philosophy treat truth as the highest value. Only in science and philosophy the goal of activity is truth in itself.
The central problem of German classical philosophy is problem of identity of subject and object, consciousness and being.
Characteristic philosophy Russian idealistic philosophy is anthropocentrism.
A concept that is opposite in meaning to understand "true" is "misconception"
According to the principle of verifiability, a sign of scientific knowledge is the possibility of its reduction to protocol sentences.
Secularization– a form of emancipation (liberation) from religious influence in all spheres of social life.
In modern scientific literature under technology in a broad sense the words are understood any means and methods of activity created by man to achieve certain goals.
According to irrationalism, the merging of the individual Self and the world is possible as compassion.
One of the manifestations of human internal freedom in philosophy is considered to be humility.
The ability of consciousness to exhibit active, selective aspiration towards objects is called "intentionality».
Family is primary social group, since it unites close relatives, and a social institution, since it determines the rules and norms of human behavior.
Transformative function of culture is to use it to change the world around a person.
Epistemology explores general principles, forms and methods of knowledge.
The basic principles of existence that determine the structure of the world are studied ontology.
Axiology is the doctrine of values, their formation and hierarchy.
Monism- a philosophical doctrine that takes as the basis of everything
existing single beginning. Materialists is considered such a beginning matter. Idealists spirit is considered to be the single source of all phenomena, idea.
Descartes' teaching about a substance has a character dualism– the principle according to which material and spiritual substances are equal in rights and independent of each other.
Indeterminism is a doctrine that denies conditionality, interconnection and causation.
The universal conditionality of phenomena is affirmed principle of determinism
The relationship of being and non-being is a problem ontologies.
Word there is a sign of a concept, a form of its expression.
A form of thinking that identifies and records the general, essential properties and relationships of objects is called concept.
Eschatology- religious teaching about the ultimate destinies of the world and man.
The section of philosophical knowledge, the subject of which is the general laws and trends of scientific knowledge, is called epistemology
Scientific observation– this is a purposeful and specially organized perception of phenomena, which is always theoretically loaded.
The initial step of scientific research is problem formulation.
Kun T. believed that the stage of normal science represents the activities of scientists within the framework of the accepted paradigm.
A change of paradigms in science, according to the concept of T. Kuhn, is a revolution that offers a new paradigm that is incommensurable with the previous one.
The problem of the meaning of life arises as a result of a person’s awareness of his own mortality.
In the statement of Socrates “I intend to devote the rest of my life to clarifying only one question - why people, knowing how to act well, for the good, still act badly, to their own detriment” is formulated the problem of freedom.
Modern culture goes beyond the local, that is, local, national cultures and acquires global, unified character.
Classical understanding freedom suggests a connection with necessity.
The thesis “Science is the plague of the 20th century” expresses the meaning of the position anti-scientism.
The concept " post-industrial society"characterizes a certain stage of development in the theory proposed by supporters of the stage theory (W. Rostow, R. Aron, D. Bell).
At the end of the 19th century, the emergence of philosophy of technology as a relatively independent field of study.
Analytical philosophy– a direction of neopositivism, which reduces philosophy to the analysis of the use of linguistic means and expressions. The founders are B. Russell, L. Wittgenstein.
Sensualists believe that all knowledge is produced on the basis sensations, therefore, sensory knowledge is reliable.
Denial of the possibility of reliable knowledge of the essence of material systems is a distinctive trait of agnosticism. K. Popper is the author of the concept growth of knowledge.
Emergence engineering activities associated with the emergence manufacturing and machine production.
Irreversibility
According to dialectics, the source of development is
Resolving internal contradictions
The problem of existence in its general form is expressed by the philosophical category
The function of culture to develop and transmit values, ideals and norms is called
Axiological
The problem of hunger and poverty in underdeveloped countries
Belongs to a group of problems of an interstate nature
98. Compare the name of the thinker - F. BACON - and the concepts characteristic of his concept:
Induction, experiment
99. Compare the name of the thinker - M. HEIDEGGER - and the concepts characteristic of his concept:
Existence, transcendence
100. Compare the name of the thinker - S. FREUD - and the concepts characteristic of his concept:
Unconscious, psychoanalysis
Representatives of the humanistic line in philosophy are (many)
A. Schweitzer
ON THE. Berdyaev
102. Compare the interpretation of truth - TRUTH IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE OF AN PERSON - with the corresponding philosophical movement:
Existentialism
103. Compare the interpretation of truth - TRUE IS THAT KNOWLEDGE THAT HAS BENEFICIAL CONSEQUENCES FOR HUMAN LIFE AND WHICH CAN BE SUCCESSFULLY APPLIED IN PRACTICE - with the corresponding philosophical movement:
Pragmatism
104. Compare the interpretation of truth - WHAT IS TRUE IS TRUE “IN ITSELF”: THE TRUTH IS IDENTICALLY ONE, WHETHER IT IS PERCEIVED IN JUDGMENTS BY PEOPLE OR MONSTERS, ANGELS OR GODS – with the corresponding philosophical movement:
Phenomenology
Consciousness and unconsciousness
Interconnected
They are two relatively independent sides of a single mental reality of a person
According to representatives of __________________, “knowledge about things is changeable and fluid, and therefore every thing can be said in two ways and in the opposite way.”
Skepticism
The contractual theory of the origin of the state from the mind and experience of people, and not from theology, was developed by such thinkers of the New Age as
T. Hobbes, J. Locke, J.-J. Rousseau
108. Establish a correspondence between the name of the thinker - SENECA - and the name of the school of thought to which he belongs:
Stoicism
109. Establish a correspondence between the name of the thinker - G.V. PLEKHANOV – and the name of the school of thought to which he belongs:
Marxism
110. Establish a correspondence between the name of the thinker - ANTISPHENS - and the name of the school of thought to which he belongs:
111. Establish a correspondence between the name of the thinker - K.G. Jung - and the name of the school of thought to which he belongs:
Psychoanalysis
The subject of consciousness can be
The whole world around
113. Match the names of the philosopher - M. HEIDEGGER and his statements on the problem of truth:
- “Truth is accomplished in an event, in the experience of being. That's the only place she is."
114. Match the names of the philosopher - V.S. SOLOVIEV and his statements on the problem of truth:
- “The basis of true knowledge is mystical or religious perception, from which only our logical thinking receives its unconditional rationality, and our experience - the meaning of unconditional reality.”
115. Match the names of the philosopher - L. FEUERBACH and his statements on the problem of truth:
- “The highest truth is the essence of man
The end justifies the means,” representatives say
Pragmatism
In Renaissance philosophy, man is understood, first of all, as
Artist
The philosophical doctrine of knowledge is called
Epistemology
The most important signs of a human being, according to Christian anthropology, include
Free will
Sinfulness
Extension, three-dimensionality, isotropy, reversibility are considered properties
Spaces
The entire set of reliable information about the external and inner world a person possessed by society or an individual is
P.Ya. Chaadaev
Worldview, worldview, attitude in their totality form
Worldview
Philosophy, helping an individual to find a positive and deep meaning in life, to navigate crisis situations, realizes its function
Humanistic
Representatives of Slavophilism believed that a person in his actions should be guided, first of all, by
Conscience
According to theism, matter is created and therefore is not
Substance
Any process of change and transition from one state to another is
Movement
The word “dialectics” was first used to denote the art of arguing
In irrationalism, the most important way of cognition is recognized
Intuition
Focht's statement that "the brain secretes thought like the liver secretes bile" reflects the theory
Vulgar materialists
Science is becoming a determining factor in the development of all spheres of social life in (c)
Post-industrial society
132. A statement about culture that one cannot agree with:
Culture is inherited biologically
Restriction or suppression of sensual desires, voluntary enduring of physical pain, loneliness are characteristic of
Asceticism
The system of artificial organs of human activity is called
Technology
Biologizing concepts of human essence include
Social Darwinism