Basic concepts and subject of philosophy. What is philosophy and why is it necessary - presentation
2 The formation of philosophy from mythology In ancient myths, the picture of the universe expresses the emotional and figurative perception of reality. On the basis of mythology, the formation of philosophical ideas took place, the basis of which was rational explanation peace Peace as a given, not requiring proof
3 Topic 1. Basic concepts and subject of philosophy Questions: The formation of philosophy from mythology Subject and definition of philosophy Character traits philosophy Goal: To study the basic concepts of philosophy To identify the specifics of philosophical knowledge To determine the role of philosophy in society Topic categories: worldview, mythology, religion, philosophy, idealism, materialism, ontology, epistemology, philosophical anthropology, social philosophy, logic, aesthetics, axiology
4 Historical types worldview Worldview - a system of views on the world Mythology basis: myth, emotional-figurative explanation Religion basis: dogma, belief in the existence of the supernatural Philosophy basis: theory, rational explanation of the world Mythology - a complex of myths that set out ideas about the origin of the world, its structure, about the emergence of man and society Religion - belief in real existence supernatural force (God), which dominates the surrounding world and influences human life. Philosophy is reflection, reveals the picture of existence, using a logical-conceptual apparatus in the form of a theory, relying on evidence, using philosophical terms (categories)
5 Religion and Philosophy Religion Philosophy 1. Religion is belief in the real existence of a supernatural force (God) 2. Religious ideas are not subject to any criticism 3. Religion is authoritarian 1. Philosophy is rational-theoretical knowledge 2. Philosophy contains a free critical assessment of oneself and society 3. Philosophy requires independence of thinking, in it the mind is not subject to any authority
7 (BC) Definition of philosophy Pythagoras - ancient Greek philosopher, great mathematician first used the term Philosophy (Greek Philio - love, sophia - wisdom) Philosophy - love of wisdom, selfless pursuit of truth “Everything is a number!” The world consists of the harmony of numbers and geometric shapes
8 The main feature of philosophy is that it initially represents an integral worldview, as a system of general views on the WORLD: nature, man, society. Subject of philosophy: universal relations in the “man-world” system, searching and finding answers to the main questions of existence, cognition in order to obtain new knowledge about world The goal of philosophy is to understand the immensity. Philosophy is a special type of mental activity, focused on understanding the general laws of development of the world, considering nature, man, society as a single interconnected whole, determining the place of man in the world and understanding the meaning of his existence. The main feature of philosophy
9 Stages of the formation of philosophy 1. The emergence of philosophy (VII - VI centuries BC) 2. Ancient philosophy (VII century BC - VI centuries AD) 3. Medieval philosophy (V - XIII centuries) 4. Philosophy of the Renaissance (XIV - XVI centuries) 5. Philosophy of the New Age (XVII - XVIII centuries) 6. Modern Western philosophy (XIX - XXI centuries)
14 Worldview - a system of generalized views on the world, includes cognitive, value, behavioral components Philosophical worldview - a person’s system of views on the world in order to determine his attitude to the world, find his place, find the meaning of life The main question of philosophy is the relationship of thinking to being (spiritual to the material) First side o.v.f. - WHAT IS PRIMARY? Second side o.v.f. - DO WE KNOW THE WORLD? 4 answers are revealed as types philosophical worldview: materialism, idealism, dualism, pluralism Philosophical worldview
16 Types of philosophical worldview 1. Materialism is a philosophical worldview, according to which material existence defines consciousness. Matter is primary, consciousness is secondary. (Democritus, Marx, Holbach, Feuerbach, Engels, Lenin, etc.) 2. Idealism is a philosophical worldview, according to which consciousness, thought, idea, spirit are primary in the existence of the world. Idealism exists in 2 forms: Objective idealism asserts that the basis of everything that exists is ideas, spirit, which are outside of man. (Plato, Hegel). Subjective idealism asserts that the basis of everything that exists is the thought of man, his spiritual world. (J. Berkeley, E. Mach, M. Heidegger, etc.)
17 Continuation: 3. Dualism (lat. duo - two) is a philosophical worldview that asserts that the basis of everything that exists is simultaneously 2 substances: matter and consciousness. (R. Descartes.) 4. Pluralism - a philosophical worldview asserts that the basis of everything that exists can be something third (many principles of being), different from matter and consciousness, which determines them. (Pluralism is characteristic of modern Western philosophy and is represented by various non-classical philosophical ideas and concepts) Types of philosophical worldview
18 Characteristic features of philosophy Philosophy has a subject, a logical-conceptual apparatus, methods Philosophy deals with the main questions of existence Philosophical questions and eternal problems do not progress and cannot be finally resolved. Philosophical knowledge has universality (universality) Philosophical thought is updated at different historical stages
20 STRUCTURE OF PHILOSOPHY ONTOLOGY LOGIC GNOSEOLOGY ETHICS AESTHETICS Philosophical anthropology Social philosophy Ontology is the doctrine of being. Epistemology is the study of knowledge. Logic is the study of forms of thinking. Ethics is the doctrine of morality. Aesthetics is the study of beauty. Philosophical anthropology is the study of man. Social philosophy - the doctrine of society
21 Functions of philosophy Functions of philosophy Worldview (creates holistic knowledge, forms life attitudes) Methodological (examines methods of cognition) Prognostic (deals with forecasts of the future) Axiological (examines the nature of values) Practical (consists of caring for the welfare of people)
22 Conclusions on the topic 1. Philosophy is: love of wisdom, the doctrine of the general principles of being and knowledge, a special type of human mental activity that develops ideas about the world and man’s place in it. Characteristic features of philosophy: conceptuality, logicality philosophical knowledge universal, philosophical problems are eternal, do not have a specific solution. Subject of philosophy: universal relations in the “man-world” system; cognition with the aim of acquiring new knowledge about the world; search for and answers to the main questions of existence Purpose (role) of philosophy in society: creation holistic worldview based on logical concepts. The Elevation and Perfection of Man
23 Literature A.A. Gorelov. Fundamentals of philosophy. Textbook for secondary vocational education // rec. FGAO "FIRO", 3rd ed., erased. M.: publishing center "Academy", 2011 V.P. Kokhanovsky. Fundamentals of philosophy. Textbook. Ed. "Knorus", 2013 O.N. Strelnik. Fundamentals of philosophy. Textbook. Ed. "Urayt", 2014 A.G. Spirkin. Fundamentals of philosophy. Textbook for secondary vocational education. Ed. “Urayt”, 2015 To be continued... Philosophy is not a boring theory, but a search for those who strive to act!
Essence of Man
Slides: 18 Words: 964 Sounds: 0 Effects: 5Philosophical anthropology. For all specialties. Lecture plan Philosophical anthropology: the problem of man. Requirements for knowledge, skills and abilities. Material for knowledge recovery. Contents Philosophical anthropology: the problem of man. Key Concepts Educational material Self-test questions Recommended reading. Key concepts Philosophical anthropology: the problem of man. Educational material The problem of the essence of man in the history of philosophy. In the history of philosophy, there is a tradition - a continuity of views on the essence of man. In the twentieth century: The irrationalistic idea of the essence of man became the most widespread. - The essence of man.ppt
Philosophy of man
Slides: 139 Words: 13364 Sounds: 0 Effects: 12Philosophy. A course on the fundamentals of philosophy in a schematic presentation. Course Objectives The course is an introduction to philosophical issues. Each diagram is dedicated to a particular philosophical problem. Historical types of worldview. Mythology. Religion. General. Types of worldview. Differences. Relies on reason, real observations, logical analysis, generalizations, conclusions, evidence. Basic types of worldview. Worldview. Everyday (ordinary) worldview. Exists in the form common sense, spontaneous, unsystematized, traditional ideas about the world. Religious worldview. - Philosophy of Man.ppt
Thinkers about man
Slides: 72 Words: 1797 Sounds: 0 Effects: 335Thinkers of the past about society and man (Part-1). Ancient thinkers about the world and man. Myths of antiquity. There are several thematic cycles of myths: Cosmogonic - myths about the origin of man and human society. Indian mythology. Indian mythology. Celtic mythology. Anthropogonistic - myths about the origin of man and human society. Prophetic bird Simurgh - Iranian mythology. God of Fire - English mythology. Chinese mythology. Eschatological - myths that predict the “end of the world”, the end of times. Etruscan mythology. Slavic mythology. Norse mythology. - Thinkers about man.ppt
Human right to life
Slides: 20 Words: 248 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Human right to life. Purpose of the study: Controversial issues: Death penalty. The death penalty is the legal deprivation of a person's life as punishment. Application of the death penalty. The human right to suicide. Suicide is the deliberate taking of one's own life. Suicide map of the world. Suicide map of Russia Men. Suicide map of Russia Women. Euthanasia. Organ transplantation. Human cloning. Abortion. Sociological survey. Do you support the death penalty? Do you think euthanasia is legal? How do you feel about cloning? How do you feel about abortion? - Human right to life.ppt
Philosophy of human life
Slides: 26 Words: 835 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Prospects for further human evolution. Plan. The question of the future of man. Groups of ideas about the prospects of human development. Orthodox religious views. Orthodox scientific view. Technotronic concept. Evolutionary cosmic concept. Russian philosophers about the transformation of man. Spiritual improvement. Spiritualization. The problem of the meaning of human life. Two aspects of the problem of the meaning of human life. Objective meaning of life. Philosophers are idealists. Adepts of the Hidden Wisdom. The problem of personal freedom. The natural aspect of freedom. Fatalism. Indeterminism of free will. - Philosophy of human life.ppt
The problem of man in philosophy
Slides: 19 Words: 985 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Philosophical anthropology and axiology. Philosophical anthropology. The problem of man in philosophy. Philosophy Ancient East. The human problem. Medieval Christian concept of man. Man in the philosophy of the Renaissance and Modern times. German classical philosophy. Basic concepts of anthropogenesis. Life. Evolution of life on Earth. Evolutionism. Development of problems of anthropogenesis. Anthropogenesis. Biological evolution of man. Upbringing and education. Specific properties of a person. Human phenomenon. - The problem of man in philosophy.ppt
Man and society in philosophy
Slides: 32 Words: 2624 Sounds: 0 Effects: 169Philosophical views on man and society. I seek only the truth. What is philosophy. Definition of the meaning of the word “philosophy”. Love of wisdom. Philosophy is the realization of the fullness of human life. Philosophy is scientific, aesthetic, moral. Rational branch of spiritual culture. Socrates. Get married no matter what. I know that I don't know anything. Plato. None of us have yet been born immortal. To be afraid of death is nothing more than to attribute wisdom to oneself. Aristotle. Luck is good luck. Habit is second nature. Epicurus. Let us thank wise nature. Confucius. Be hard on yourself and gentle on others. - Man and society in philosophy.ppt
Activities
Slides: 13 Words: 196 Sounds: 0 Effects: 70"Variety of activities." Variety of activities. Activities. Practical. Spiritual. Material and production. Material and social. Cognitive. Prognostic. Socially transformative. Labor. Higher nervous. Creative. Consumer. Leisure. Educational. Recreational. Other classifications. Creative. Destructive. Creative activity. Creation. New information. Self-organization, new rules. Combination and variation. Imagination. Fantasy. Intuition. The Nature of Creativity. Based on previous experience and knowledge. - Types of activities.ppt
Freedom in human activity
Slides: 13 Words: 232 Sounds: 0 Effects: 43Fundamental question: What does the word “Freedom” mean for a person? Freedom in human activity. 1. Educational: To develop students’ knowledge on the topic “Freedom in human activity. Lesson objectives: Associative thinking game Freedom? Messages on the topic of the lesson: 1. " Buridanov's donkey" 2. “Freedom” according to the dictionary of S. I. Ozhegov. 3. “Freedom” in Soviet encyclopedic dictionary. Freedom. Necessity. Conscious. Deliberate. Choice. Responsibility. A.S. Pushkin. - Freedom in human activity.ppt
Meaning
Slides: 27 Words: 1157 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Meaning of life. Morozova E.A. Hermann Hesse. To reach the goal, a person needs only one thing. Go. Honore de Balzac. Time doesn't exist. Wheel of samsara. All roads lead to nowhere, but one has a heart and the other does not. Are you happy? You cry, remembering your childhood dreams that have disappeared over the years. You cry, seeing that your pride has been shattered by countless failures. You cry, seeing that the crowd has trampled your individuality. You cry, knowing that you wasted your talent. Og Mandino. God's Memorandum. Then you didn’t believe Me... Listen to My voice. You are My greatest miracle. You are the greatest miracle in the world. - Meaning.ppt
Meaning of life
Slides: 14 Words: 190 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0I.S. Turgenev wrote: “SELF-LOVE is suicide. A proud person dries up like a lonely barren tree.” "What is a sense of life?" (based on the fairy tale “The Wise Minnow” by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin). Wise. Irony. Three sides of life: Historical Household Fairytale. B. Yasensky “Conspiracy of the Indifferent”: Be afraid of the indifferent.” Honesty Nobility Courage Meaning human life. “True – false statement.” False False False True True False. Gudgeon? Minnow? - The meaning of life.ppt
The meaning of human life
Slides: 13 Words: 439 Sounds: 0 Effects: 23Topic: “The problem of the meaning of life in the minds of adolescents.” The essence of this concept lies in the individual’s attitude to himself and to society, to understanding his place in society and to understanding the social significance of his activities. The question of the meaning of life can be called one of the main “human” questions that probably every person asks himself. The meaning of each person's life is completely unique. 1.The meaning of life is to preserve beauty and health. 2.Memory as the meaning of life. 3. Consumption of pleasure as the meaning of life. 4.The meaning of life is the achievement of power. “It is difficult to rise at court, but it is even more difficult to become worthy of rise” J. La Bruyère. - The meaning of human life.ppt
The meaning of life and happiness
Slides: 14 Words: 814 Sounds: 1 Effects: 2The meaning of life and happiness. Goal: introduce new concepts. A parable about happiness. What state of mind is reflected in the faces of these people? Happiness is a state of completeness of existence. Sayings about happiness. What is the meaning of life. Diversity of meanings in life. The meaning of life of L.N. Tolstoy. Why does a person live? Basic terms and concepts. We must be able to see the beauty of today and tomorrow. What is this in your hand? - The meaning of life and happiness.ppt
What is happiness
Slides: 11 Words: 1671 Sounds: 0 Effects: 1What is happiness. The goal of the project is to study the understanding and meaning of the word “happiness.” I signed a card for my mother's birthday. Interpretations of the understanding of the word “happiness”. Students' answers. Survey among relatives. Explanation explanatory dictionary. Origin of the word "happiness". Dictionary by V. Dahl. Analysis of the understanding of the word “happiness”. - What is happiness.ppt
What is human happiness?
Slides: 21 Words: 876 Sounds: 0 Effects: 5Training. The concept of moral consciousness. What does happiness mean to you? Is it possible to become even happier? Heredity or psychology. Surprise. Professor Andrew Oswald's group. Exercise “Our Emotions”. Constructive ways to deal with anger. Anger needs to be released. Suppressed anger develops into resentment. Irrational demands. Rights of every individual according to Kelly. Exercise “Ladder of Happiness”. What is more important to you? He is his own blacksmith. James Fowler and Nicholas Christakis. What is happiness. Great participation. Happiness is burning. - What is the happiness of a person.pptx
Values
Slides: 21 Words: 712 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Axiology as a doctrine of values. A world that increases the duration of existence. Film: “On the way to the golden ratio.” Science and art. Man exists in a world of values. The difference between cognitive and value relations. Ethics. Morality. Moral. Reasonable behavior. Golden Rule morality. The dominance of reason over affects. Applied ethics. Types of open problems. Problems of bioethics. Aesthetic as a value attitude. Categories of aesthetics. Meaningful signs of beauty. Private varieties of beauty. Beauty in nature. - Values.ppt
Ideals and values
Slides: 17 Words: 926 Sounds: 0 Effects: 75Values and ideals. The concept of conflict of values. a kind person. Island of spiritual values. Terms and concepts. A competent person. Fields of science. Answers. Rules of law. Ideal. Values. Pets. Greed. Tell a lie. The most important value. "Golden Rule. - Ideals and values.ppt
Values and norms
Slides: 17 Words: 1325 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Social values and norms. The human race. Social values. Values. Pyramid of values. Eternal values. Shrines of man. The basis of social connections. Social value. Norms. Ways to regulate people's behavior. Social norms. Social regulators. Morality. Legal regulation of social relations. Characteristics of legal culture. The golden rule of morality. - Values and norms.ppt
Teenagers' values
Slides: 18 Words: 796 Sounds: 0 Effects: 7Life values of teenagers. Each person has his own moral values. Money. A happy family. A person has the opportunity to make a choice. There is a direct mechanism of connection between value and one’s own assessment. A good education. Good job and career. A good education. Happiness of loved ones. Good house, apartment. "My life choice." What does a person live for? Adult behavior. Advice for parents. Form a morally healthy personality, incapable of meanness. - Teenage values.ppt
Program “Sociocultural Origins”
Slides: 19 Words: 714 Sounds: 0 Effects: 1Comprehensive integrative program “Sociocultural Origins”. Program concept. Target. Combining content, upbringing and education. Family. Origins. Propaedeutics of “origins”. Methodology. Hear the word. Getting to know the origins of your native culture. Getting to know the origins of spirituality. Traditions of the Fatherland. Seven wonders of Russia. The word and image of the Fatherland. The origins of the deed and the feat. The origins of creativity. In search of truth. - Program “Sociocultural Origins”.ppt
Worldview
Slides: 25 Words: 2063 Sounds: 0 Effects: 261Worldview. Hatred is strong enmity, disgust towards someone or something. Tests “Moral guidelines for activity”. Concept categorical imperative. Hungarian crossword. What is the essence of a worldview? What is a worldview? Worldview is different from other elements spiritual world. Types of worldview. One of the classifications of types of worldviews. Everyday worldview. Types of worldviews. Strength. We all walk under one God, although we do not believe in one. A call for peace. About helping those in need. About wealth. About justice. About goodness. For all peoples, the moral foundations of humanity are primordial and uniform. - Worldview.ppt
Worldview and cognition
Slides: 22 Words: 1370 Sounds: 0 Effects: 53The image of a thinking person. Objectives of the elective course. Educational and thematic planning. Truth in the representation of the Russian language and culture. Truth and myth. Myth yesterday and today. The poetry of truth and the truth of poetry. Paths of science. Truth and faith. Spirit and spirituality. Authors and texts. Faith and miracles. Types of linguistic and cultural tasks. Associations. Myth is like life. Myth as legend. Comparative analysis. Myth as metaphor. Myth as a game. Myth is like deception. Development of projective thinking skills. - Worldview and cognition.ppt
Formation of worldview
Slides: 47 Words: 2370 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Formation of the worldview of younger adolescents. Formation of worldview. The problem of worldview formation. Definition of worldview. Worldview. A holistic view of nature. Features of a certain corresponding time. Mythological worldview. Philosophy. Worldview orientations of people. Worldview. Conceptual aspect of worldview. Worldview is always associated with conviction. The worldview is always saturated with sensory relationships. Worldview culture. Structure scientific worldview. The formation of the worldview of a teenager’s personality. The need of adolescence. -
Is the world divided into spirit and matter, and if so, what is spirit and what is matter? Is the spirit subordinate to matter, or does it have independent powers? Does the Universe have any unity or purpose? Is the Universe evolving towards some goal? Do natural laws really exist, or do we simply believe in them because of our inherent tendency towards order? Is man what he seems to the astronomer - a tiny lump of a mixture of carbon and water, powerlessly swarming on a small and insignificant planet? Or is the person what Hamlet thought he was? Or maybe he is both at the same time? Are there high and low ways of life, or are all ways of life only vanity? If there is a way of life that is sublime, what is it and how can we achieve it? Does goodness need to be eternal to be worthy of appreciation, or must goodness be striven for even if the universe is inevitably moving towards destruction? Is there such a thing as wisdom, or is what appears to be wisdom simply the most refined stupidity?
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The emergence of PHILOSOPHY
The Emergence of Philosophy The emergence of philosophy is associated with one of the most significant spiritual revolutions experienced by man. Features Philosophy is one of the types of worldview. Worldview appeared before philosophy. The first type of worldview was mythology. In the 7th-6th century BC. a colossal revolution took place in human consciousness - a worldview of a different level emerged. The beginnings of scientific, theoretical knowledge emerged, which were called “protoscience.” The first philosophers were also the first scientists.
Origin of Philosophy Researchers hold different views on the origin of philosophy. It is believed that philosophy arose in the 7th-6th centuries. BC. There is also no single point of view on the question of where philosophy originated. It is generally accepted that philosophy developed in Ancient Greece, V Ancient China and in Ancient India.
THE EMERGENCE OF PHILOSOPHY Features of the philosophy of Ancient Greece The formation of philosophy occurred with a close connection with the formation scientific knowledge about nature. 2. Philosophy received the name – natural philosophy. 3. Science and philosophy in Ancient Greece were not divided, they formed a single whole.
THE EMERGENCE OF PHILOSOPHY Features of the philosophy of Ancient India Philosophy developed under the great influence of texts. (The Vedas are an ancient literary monument). 2. Less associated with science 3. Closely associated with mythology and religion.
THE EMERGENCE OF PHILOSOPHY Features of philosophy in Ancient China Philosophy had a clear practical orientation 2. The main direction was Confucianism. 3. Little attention was paid to abstract issues; the main attention was paid to the structure of human society and the education of the individual. 4. The only exception was philosophy - Tao (direction of Taoism)
Start ancient Greek philosophy Ancient Greek philosophy originally developed on the Greek mainland, in Ionia, and the port cities of Asia Minor. Philosophical schools
Representatives of the Milesian School
Anaximander (610-547 BC) Basic views: The origin of all things is “apeiron” - the eternal, infinite substance from which everything arose, everything consists and into which everything will turn. God is the first cause, and the Gods become worlds, universes, of which there are many, and they arise and perish cyclically. The world consists of a series of opposites that determine the genesis of the Cosmos. The center of the Universe is the Earth, which is a slice of a cylinder that floats in the air.
Thales (625-547 BC) Basic views: The origin of all things is water - a “phase”, liquid, flowing, and what we drink is only one of its states. Water is associated with the divine principle. Inanimate nature, all things have a soul (hylozoism). The center of the Universe is the Earth, which is a flat disk resting on water. The universe is full of gods.
Anaximenes (585-525 BC) Basic views: The origin of all things is air, which goes through a number of stages in its change: fire - air - winds-clouds - earth - stones. The air included in the above series is not identical with the original. Air is the source of life and mental phenomena. The Earth is a flat disk floating in the air. The gods are identified with Nature.
Philosophy of Heraclitus of Ephesus The second center of ancient Greek philosophy in Asia Minor after Miletus was the city of Ephesus, the birthplace of the philosopher Heraclitus (c. 530-470 BC). Heraclitus is one of the founders of dialectics, whose teaching is the most striking expression of the spontaneous dialecticism of ancient Greek philosophy
The main provisions of the teachings of Heraclitus Fire is the basis of everything that exists. This is the beginning, in perpetual motion and change. What passes from one state to another, thanks to the struggle of the opposites that form it, serves as the basis for the entire development of the world. Nature is in a process of continuous change, and of all natural substances fire is the most capable of change. Therefore, “this cosmos, one and the same for everything that exists, was not created by any God or man, but it always was, is and will be an eternally living fire, igniting in measures and extinguishing in measures” (fragment of Heraclitus). The second defining element of Heraclitus’s worldview is the statement about the universal fluidity of things, changeability. "You can't step into the same river twice." “We enter and do not enter the same river, we are the same and not the same” (fragment of Heraclitus). Everything happens out of necessity and from “opposite exchange.” Necessity is the universal law “logos”, which creates being from “opposite movement”, i.e. Here Heraclitus speaks of an internally contradictory flow, thereby approaching a dialectical understanding of development. The doctrine of flow is closely related to the doctrine of the transition of one opposite to another, i.e. Heraclitus comes close to posing the problem of the unity of opposites. By exchanging for each other, opposites become identical to each other. Contradiction (struggle) is the driving force of all change and development. The theory of knowledge is based on an understanding of the relationship between sensory and rational knowledge, and the task of knowledge is to penetrate into the essence of Nature in its eternal change. The basis of generality and truth human cognition- “logos”, i.e. unity, universality and immutability of the world order.
Philosophy of the Pythagoreans PYTHAGOREANS - followers of Pythagoras (2nd half of VI - beginning of V n. up. "), ancient Greek philosopher and a mathematician who founded a religious union in the Greek city of Croton
Teachings of Pythagoras The doctrine of number as the essence of the world. Reincarnation
ELEATES - representatives of the Eleatic philosophical school, which existed in the 6th - 5th centuries. BC. in the ancient Greek polis of Elea on the territory of modern Italy. Representatives: Eleatic Philosophy Xenophanes Parmenides Zeno and Melissus
Basic provisions of Eleatic philosophy The founder of this school is considered to be Xenophanes. He first raised the question of the origin of the gods. From his point of view, man is not the creation of the gods, but, on the contrary, the gods are the creation of man, the fruit of his imagination.