Presentation on the topic of modern religions. Religion in the modern world
The role of religion in modern world Religion is one of the oldest and main (along with science, education, culture) forms of spiritual culture. modern science the definition of religion comes from the recognition of its basic belief in GOD: (RELIGION IS FAITH IN GOD)
Other approaches to understanding the essence of religion: Religion is a system of views based on the concept of the sacred, the holy. Religion is one of the forms of human adaptation to the world around us, characteristic of culture, and the satisfaction of his spiritual needs.
Religious faith consists of faith itself, i.e. belief in the truth of the fundamentals of religious teaching; Knowledge of the most essential provisions of the doctrine; Recognition and adherence to moral standards contained in religious requirements for a person; Compliance with the norms and requirements for everyday human life.
TYPES of religion MONOTHEISTIC - based on belief in one god; POLYTHEISTIC - professing polytheism; RITUAL - with an emphasis on the performance of certain cult actions RELIGIONS OF SALVATION - recognizing the main doctrine, ideas about the world and man, their posthumous fate.
Signs of world religions A huge number of followers all over the world; They are cosmopolitan, inter- and supra-ethnic in nature, going beyond the boundaries of nations and states; They are egalitarian (they preach the equality of all people and appeal to representatives of all social groups); They are distinguished by extraordinary propaganda activity and proselytism (the desire to convert people of another confession to their faith)
State religions with national ideas Hinduism is professed by 80% of the inhabitants of India. Confucianism (named after the founder of Kong Fuzi, Confucius), has been considered the fundamental state and moral philosophy of China for more than 2 thousand years. Acts as a world religion. Taoism is a philosophical school of China (from the central concept of this school “Tao” - the way).
The role of religion in the modern world: Most people living on Earth are adherents of one of the existing world religions; - In many countries of the world religious associations separated from the state. Nevertheless, the influence of religion on the political life of modern society remains significant. A number of states recognize one of the religions as state and compulsory. Religion as a form of culture is one of the most important sources of moral values and norms governing daily life people, preserves the principles of universal morality. The role of religion in revival and multiplication cultural heritage, introducing people to it is invaluable. Religious contradictions continue to be a source and breeding ground for bloody conflicts, terrorism, and a force of separation and confrontation. Religious fanaticism is destructive, it is opposed to culture, universal human values and human interests.
RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE Art. 28 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation: “everyone is guaranteed freedom of conscience, freedom of religion, including the right to profess individually or together with others any religion or not to profess any, to freely choose, have and disseminate religious and other beliefs and act in accordance with them.”
Topic 1 Religion as a subject of religious studies and as a social institution Educational questions: 1. The current religious situation in the world and in Russia. 2. History of origin, subject, methods, goals and objectives of religious studies. 3. The concept of religion as a phenomenon in society.
SHARE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD WHO BELIEVE THAT RELIGION PLAYS A “VERY IMPORTANT” ROLE IN THEIR LIFE (in%) “Attempts to formulate ideas about God from the position of reason are “the lust of curiosity.” God can only be understood by faith. I believe it because it’s absurd.” (Tertullian, Christian theologian) 3
PROJECTED GROWTH IN THE NUMBER OF FOLLOWERS OF DIFFERENT RELIGIONS IN THE WORLD (million people) It is believed that no more than 15% of people have the “talent” for religious perception of the world, the remaining 85% can believe and join religion, go to church because it is so accepted 4
COMPOSITION OF RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (in%) 5 Every fifth Russian considers himself a believer and strives to observe all the rituals prescribed by his religion. Another 42% consider themselves more likely to be believers than non-believers. And 18% of respondents believe that there is higher power. Among non-believers, there are few convinced atheists - only 4%, the remaining 10% described themselves as “rather non-believers.” (VTsIOM, 2006)
RELIGIOUS STUDIES Religious studies is a humanitarian discipline that studies the essence of religion, the historical stages of its development and the current state. Identification of the essence of religion, determination of its role in human life and society. Characteristics of the main stages of the development of religion and its historical forms Analysis of the content of the most widespread world and national religions, their past and present Determination of the role and place of religion in the system of spiritual culture of mankind Analysis of points of view on the causes and circumstances of the emergence of religion The subject of religious studies is the patterns of the emergence, development and functioning of religion as one of the forms of worldview, its spread , influence on the political, economic and cultural life of the population of the Earth, as well as changes in religious traditions and the current state of religious teachings and church organizations, their relationships with society and the state Strict objectivity, specific historical consideration of the subject Tolerance, tolerance, dialogue between religious and non-religious worldviews Consideration religion in the context of the development of the spiritual culture of mankind Inadmissibility of educating students in the spirit of any faith Freedom of conscience (i.e. free religion and freedom of atheistic teachings) 6
Philosophy of religion This is a picture of the world in certain faiths, including answers to the questions: What is a person? What is external world? What should I do? In the second meaning, philosophy of religion is a theoretical understanding of a religious phenomenon using philosophical methods knowledge. Phenomenology of religion The object is repeating structures in different religions, a sublated form of religiosity. All religions have some basic elements that are not related to space-time content. These are symbols with the help of which sacred communication is carried out, as well as subjective and objective phenomena as a consequence of this communication. Subjective phenomena in religion are religious feeling, conviction, piety, piety, holiness, dissatisfaction with earthly things, faith in a mediator. Objective phenomena include rituals, prayers, sacrifices, the concept of sin and atonement. History of Religion Explores the movement of religion through time. Using comparative, structural, system analysis, she processes the array historical facts, directly and indirectly related to the emergence, preservation and extinction of religious processes. Psychology of religion Studies the religious consciousness and behavior of an individual, as well as the processes of accepting religious beliefs, the adaptation of a religious adherent to public life, and the impact of religious practices on the psyche. Sociology of religion Explores the functioning of religion in society, its influence on the formation of social groups, as well as the relationship between religion and politics, religion and power. Here religion is seen as a social subsystem. 7
BASIC APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF RELIGION (from the Latin ecclesiastical, religious), i.e. religious. Scientists who adhere to this approach belong to specific confessions (churches, religions), and therefore, by building a picture of the development of religion, comparing and contrasting different religious teachings, their ultimate goal is to establish the truth of their religion, to prove its superiority over others. Sometimes it happens that, considering the history of religions as historical process, they do not include information about “their” religion in the general overview, believing that it should be considered separately, outside the general flow of history, according to a special methodology. This approach can also be called apologetic (from the Greek: defensive). Considers people's faith in God as a mistake, a temporary, transitory phenomenon, but occupying a certain place in history. For this approach, what is more important is not so much the religion itself as the history of its survival in human consciousness. As a rule, researchers who take an atheistic position pay great attention to the social, economic, and political side of religious life, while the subtleties of religious doctrine interest them to a much lesser extent, and sometimes even distract and irritate them as something insignificant and even funny. (from gr. - phenomenon, given) An approach from the point of view of which religion is described and studied without connection with the problem of the existence or non-existence of God. If religion exists as a phenomenon, therefore, it can and should be studied. Cultural historians, archaeologists, ethnographers, art historians, i.e., played a major role in the phenomenological study of religions. all researchers whose areas of interest naturally came into contact with religious life both in ancient times and in the present day. They might be interested historical role the church, which they consider at some stages reactionary, hindering human progress, is either positive and progressive, or neutral to it. “Religion is a special system of spiritual activity of people, the specificity of which is determined by its focus on illusory supernatural objects” (Scientific atheism) 8
DEFINITIONS OF THE CONCEPT OF “RELIGION” Philosophical T. Hobbes: Religion is an invention allowed by the state. (And the inventions he did not allow are superstitions). G. Hegel: Religion is a kind of understanding and representation of existence by man. Psychological S. Freud: Religion is a universal collective neurosis, a consequence of feelings of fear, guilt and a person’s unsuccessful struggle with his natural unconscious drives. K. Jung: Religion is a product of the “collective unconscious”, ancient archetypes of humanity developed and processed into a system of symbols. Cultural studies E. Taylor: Religion is the result of the mental activity of individuals, belief in “spiritual beings”, based on a person’s interest in special conditions: sleep, fainting, illness. Theological A. Men: Religion is “the refraction of being in the minds of people.” 9
STRUCTURE OF RELIGION Religious consciousnessReligious activityReligious organization A specific form of social consciousness, including two levels. They represent ordered groups of people who jointly perform religious rituals. Religious psychology: a set of religious feelings, images, scattered ideas, chaotic visions, emotions, moods of believers. Religious ideology: a coherent system of ideas. and theories that set out the fundamentals of the doctrine of a particular religion. Carried out in cult and non-cult forms. Non-cult activities are carried out in the spiritual and practical spheres. Spiritual: production of religious ideas, systematization and interpretation of the tenets of theology. Practical: religious propaganda, missionary work, etc. Cult is a system of special actions through which people seek to influence supernatural beings, properties and relationships that are the subject of their faith Church - a community of believers bound by the unity of Christian doctrine, hierarchy and sacraments Sect - an opposition movement in relation to previously established, dominant religious movements Charismatic cult - a type of sect created on the basis of an association of adherents of a particular personality (charisma) A denomination is an intermediate type, depending on the nature of education and the trend of evolution, combining the features of a church and a sect. “Religion is faith, spiritual faith, confession, worship of God or basic spiritual beliefs” (V. Dahl) 10
STRUCTURE OF RELIGIOUS CULT Religious cult is a social form of objectification of religious consciousness, implementation religious faith in the actions of a social group or individuals. The cult system is a set of certain rituals. RITE A set of stereotypical actions established by the custom or tradition of a particular social community, symbolizing certain ideas, norms, ideals and ideas Purifying Propitiatory immersion in water pouring water baptism sacrifice prayer verbal (verbal) appeal of a person to the object of his faith Special sacraments worship of saints, icons and other post Circle of annual worship Circle of weekly worship Circle of daily worship - nine services “Religion will forever be needed by an individual in order to overcome premonitions and fear of death, misfortune and fatal fate” (B. Malinovsky) 11
FUNCTIONS OF RELIGION Worldview Consists in the transmission by religion to a person of a worldview, worldview, world feeling, attitude Existential Consists in its internal support of a person for whom it acts as a meaning-forming factor Integrating Consists in the unity of society around the same principles and the direction of society along a certain path of development Political Consists in its ability to influence on political system Legitimizing The essence is that for the stable existence of a social system it is necessary to observe and follow certain legalized patterns of behavior Regulatory With the help of this function, religion is considered as a specific value-orientation and normative system Ideological Religion is a superstructural phenomenon, a form of social consciousness Disintegrating Acting as a source of unity of certain social communities on the basis of one or another creed, religion simultaneously contrasts these communities with other communities formed on the basis of another creed. The social essence is that the influence of religion on the individual and society in several interrelated directions can lead to various consequences. The functions of religion are understood the nature and direction of the influence of religion on individuals and society or, to put it more simply, what “religion gives to each specific person, this or that community, society as a whole, how it influences people’s lives Educational Encourages a person to accept and implement a certain system in his life moral values 12
FORMS OF RELIGIOUS SYSTEMS Religious (lat.) – connection with God, veneration of the gods; means faith, a special view of the world, conviction in the existence of the supernatural, a set of ritual and cult actions, as well as associations of believers in a special organization Belief in many gods (paganism) Belief in one God Identification of God with nature 13
STRUCTURAL HIERARCHY OF RELIGION RELIGION DIRECTIONS OF CURRENT DENOMINATIONS Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Judaism, Mandaeism, Zoroastrianism, Yezidism, Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Shintoism and new ones formed in the 19th – 20th centuries. (Baha'ism, etc.) ON THE EXAMPLE OF CHRISTIANITY: Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Protestantism, Monophysitism, Nestorianism ON THE EXAMPLE OF PROTESTANTISM: Anglicanism, Lutheranism, Calvinism, Mennoniteism, Baptism, Adventism, Restorationism, Methodism, Perfectionism, Pentecostalism, Salvationism, etc. ON THE EXAMPLE OF ADVENTISM : Seventh-day Adventists, Reform Adventists, etc. 14
BUDDHISM arose in the 6th century. BC. In India, CHRISTIANITY arose in the 1st century. AD In the eastern part of the Roman Empire, ISLAM arose in the 7th century. AD in Western Arabia Hinayana Lamaism Mahayana Orthodoxy XI century. Catholicism of the 11th century. Kharijism Sunnism Shiism Protestantism 16th century Sri Lanka, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, India, Burma China, Korea, Japan Tibet, Mongolia, Buryatia, Tuva, Kalmykia There are 15 autocephalous churches in Orthodoxy. They exist in Europe and America. In the territory of the former USSR, widespread in Lithuania, Ukraine, Belarus Professed by Azerbaijanis, Persians and Kurds from Turkmenistan and Bukhara Professed by the indigenous nationalities of Central Asia, Kazakhstan, some nationalities of the Russian Federation Professed by residents of Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Morocco and the Islands Zanzibar in Tanzania MAIN WORLD RELIGIOUS SYSTEMS Character traits: lack of ethnocentrism, social flexibility, proselytism 16
RELIGION AS A PHENOMENON Religion is a stable belief in the supernatural and the possibility of contact with it through certain actions (rites) COMPOSITION OF RELIGION AS A PHENOMENA A system of dogmas originating from the mythology of a given religion A supreme essence endowed with a higher mind A set of ritual and/or magical actions performed in accordance with the canonical establishments of a given religion A public institution that unites adherents of a given religion A public institution that unites adherents of a given religion Belief God Cult Church Norm Moral norms that have been sanctified in the system of dogmas of a given religion Moral norms that have been sanctified in the system of dogmas of a given religion Human religion is social a suit that can be taken off and changed. If this costume were purely ideological, then such beliefs would change very often, because beliefs are generally changeable. But in religion, the essence of the matter is not in beliefs, not in this or that complex of ideas, but in the sensory and emotional experiences of faith by a person. (P. Sorokin) 17
Religion in modern society. Today in the world you will not find a person who would be indifferent to religion. More than half of humanity is adherents of some religion. Nowadays, interest in religion has especially intensified. Why? What role does religion play in society? Analyze the opinion of a cultural studies article. culturological articleculturological article
The gods do not think differently. Homer. Christianity. Christianity. Second in time of occurrence world religion. Nowadays it is the most widespread religion on Earth, numbering over 1024 million adherents in Europe and America. The moral rules of Christianity are set out in the commandments of Moses: “Thou shalt not kill,” “Thou shalt not commit adultery,” “Honor thy mother and father,” “Thou shalt not make for thyself an idol,” “Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord God in vain”... “Love your enemies,” Jesus teaches. .- Bless those who curse you, thank those who hate you and pray for those who abuse you.”
Orthodoxy ORTHODOXY, ORTHODOXY, is one of the main and oldest movements in Christianity. It arose with the division in 395 of the Roman Empire into Western and Eastern. Theological foundations were determined in Byzantium in the 9th-11th centuries. Finally formed as an independent church in 1054 with the beginning of the division christian church into Catholic and Orthodox. Gradually it divided into several autocephalous churches. In Rus' from con. 10th century (see Baptism of Rus'), since 1448 Russian Orthodox Church. IN Russian Federation Orthodox Christians make up the majority of believers. Baptism of Rus'
Legend of the Baptism of Rus' Legend of the Baptism of Rus' They chose ten glorious and reasonable men, and told them: “Go to the Bulgarians, to the Germans and Greeks, test their faith.” Russian ambassadors went to the Bulgarians, Germans and Greeks. When they returned, Prince Vladimir summoned his boyars and elders and told them: “Here the men we sent have come, let’s listen to everything that happened with them.” They said: “We went to the Bulgarians, watched them pray in the mosque, and there was no joy in them, only great sadness. Their law is not good. And we came to the Germans and saw many services in their churches, but we did not see any beauty. And we came to the Greeks, and they led us to where they serve their God, and we did not know whether we were in heaven or on earth; for there is no such spectacle and such beauty on earth, and we do not know how to tell about it. We only know that God is with the people there, and their service is better than in all other countries. We cannot forget that beauty, for every person, if he tastes the sweet, will not then take the bitter: so we cannot be in paganism.” The boyars said: “If the Greek law had been bad, then your grandmother Olga would not have accepted it, but she was the wisest of all people.” The boyars said: “If the Greek law had been bad, then your grandmother Olga would not have accepted it, but she was the wisest of all people.” And Vladimir asked: “Where will we be baptized?” And Vladimir asked: “Where will we be baptized?” They said: “Where you like.” They said: “Where you like.”
Catholicism The word “Catholicism” means universal, later ecumenical. One of the largest trends in Christianity. Geography of Catholicism: Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, Austria, Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Latin American countries. There are approximately 800 million Catholic adherents in the world. There are approximately 800 million Catholic adherents in the world. Catholicism as one of the directions Christian religion recognizes its basic dogmas and rituals, but has a number of features in its doctrine, cult, and organization. The basis of the Catholic faith is Holy Bible And Sacred Tradition. The power of the Pope is greater than that of Ecumenical Councils.
Holidays The favorite holiday among Catholics is Christmas, which is preceded by a long fast. It ends with Christmas Eve. In Catholicism, along with Christian rituals, many customs associated with the ancient cult of fertility, of which food is an obligatory sign, have been preserved. At Christmas dinner, they traditionally eat a blessed goose, flour and sweet dishes with the obligatory addition of honey and almonds, which, according to the beliefs of the “chief Catholics” - Italians, contribute to the well-being of the family, as well as improving soil fertility and increasing the number of livestock.
Interesting Facts Do you know why Jews wear a hat? And in order to remember that there is something above them. Do you know why Rus' did not choose the religion of Islam? The most important reason is that this religion prohibits large feasts, as well as drinking wine! This confused Vladimir.
IIII UUUU DDDD AAAA IIII ZZZZ MMMM.... In Judaism holy book counts Old Testament. The Torah, the basis of the Jewish faith, tells that the Almighty created the heavens and the earth in six days. By the seventh day, the work of Creation was completed, and on that day the Almighty did not create anything. This is how this day was illuminated and turned into a day of rest - Shabbat (Saturday). The people of Israel were the first in history to introduce the custom of not working on the seventh day of the week, but of resting from work. Since ancient times, the celebration of the Sabbath has been a distinctive feature of Jewish believers.
ISLAM. The third (after Buddhism and Christianity, the latest in time of origin) world religion is Islam, or Islam. In the modern world, more than a billion people are Muslims. From the Arabic “Muslim”, i.e. devoted, submissive.
Responsibilities of Muslims: Mandatory prayer five times a day. Obligatory ablution before prayer. tax (zakat) on property and income for the benefit of the poor, voluntary donations and alms. An annual fast for a month. A pilgrimage (Hajj) to the holy city of Mecca, which a devout Muslim should, if possible, make at least once in his life. There are many prohibitions in religion: eating pork, depicting God, and also generally depicting living beings, humans or animals, drinking wine, etc.
Muslim holidays Eid al-Adha m Eid al-Fitr Mavlu d-Bairam Mira j Leil yat Ashura al-qadr
Lat.protestans - objecting, dissenting Protestantism is one of the three main directions of Christianity, connected by its origin with the Reformation - a broad anti-Catholic movement of the 15th century. Protestants do not recognize angels, saints, or the cult of the Virgin Mary; they affirm the direct (without church and clergy) connection between man and God. Protestantism abandoned monasteries and monasticism.
Protestantism is widespread mainly in the Scandinavian countries, Germany, Switzerland, Great Britain and its former dominions (Australia, Canada, New Zealand), the USA, the Baltic countries, excluding Lithuania, but there are quite a few adherents of certain branches of Protestantism in Russia. Protestantism is widespread mainly in the Scandinavian countries, Germany, Switzerland, Great Britain and its former dominions (Australia, Canada, New Zealand), the USA, the Baltic countries, excluding Lithuania, but there are quite a few adherents of certain branches of Protestantism in Russia. Geography of Protestantism
The oldest of the world's religions, Buddhism, arose in the 6th-5th centuries BC. in North India. The founder of Buddhism is considered to be Siddaharta Gautama (family name Shakyamuni - a sage from the Shakya tribe). In Buddhist mythology, he is the last earthly Buddha who preached the dharma. (Buddha means “enlightened”, lit. “awakened”) The Buddhist religion teaches that life in all its reincarnations is a chain of suffering, liberation from which can be achieved by righteous people in nirvana (eternal bliss).
In the 1st century AD Buddhism split into two directions. Theravada preaches a “narrow path of salvation” (Nirvana can only be achieved by a narrow circle of people - monasticism) Mahayana promises a “wide circle of salvation” (a layman can also achieve Nirvana) In the 1st century AD. Buddhism split into two directions. Theravada preaches a “narrow path of salvation” (Nirvana can only be achieved by a narrow circle of people - monasticism) Mahayana promises a “wide circle of salvation” (a layman can achieve Nirvana) One of the forms of Buddhism is Lamaism, which developed in the 7th-14th centuries. in Tibet. It penetrated into Russian territory in the 17th century. And it became widespread among the Buryats, Kalmyks and Tuvans.
“Main religions” - Christianization of the Slavic lands led to the eradication of the cult of the gods. Basics of behavior. Religions of the world. Temple of Yahweh in Jerusalem. Pantheon of the Gods of Olympus. About earthly dispensation. Buddhism has never known a single church organization. Laws of Islam. Paganism. In room 1 c. Christianity began to spread among other nations.
“Types of religions” - Islam arose in Western Arabia, in the Hejaz, at the beginning of the 7th century. The main goal of a shaman is contact with the spirit world. Sociology of religion. Choose the correct answer. Buddhism. What is religion? Confucius lived in the 6th-5th centuries. BC. V Ancient China. One of the world's religions. Stages of development of the social institution of religion.
“Hinduism” - There is no formal ceremony for converting to Hinduism. Hindus believe in the special power of sacrifice. Religious rites. Samhitas. The main difference. Pilgrimage. Hindus. Holidays in Hinduism. Role of women in Hinduism. The third most followed religion in the world. Legal definition of Hinduism.
“Forms of religions” - Types of religions. Role in a person's life. Religion. A form of awareness of the world. Basic functions of religion. Animism. Buddhism. Fetishism. Christianity. Islam. Totemism.
"Modern Religions" - Christian commandments. Catholicism. Responsibilities of Muslims. Jerusalem. Buddhism. Big chariot. Islam. Orthodoxy. Features of faith. Hajj in Mecca. Pope. Catholicism. Religions of the world. Mecca. Buddhist temple. Knowledge of religious affiliation. Bashkirs. The largest movement in Christianity. Mordva.
“Different religions” - Animism. Supreme, omnipotent being. Islam. Magic. Monotheism. Some national religions. Theism. Primitive beliefs. The concept of religion. Deism. Totemism. Buddhism. Pantheistic understanding of God. Christianity. Origin of the term "religion". Religions. National religions. Fetishism. Signs of traditional religion.
At different periods of history, humanity has sought to express
their attitude towards religion and religious beliefs. Today
it is important to recognize that religion in the history of the peoples of the world occupies
an important place and it is not just belief or disbelief in gods. Religion
permeates the lives of peoples of all continents. With religious
A person is born and dies through rituals. Ethics, morals,
morality in most countries was religious
character. Many cultural achievements are associated with religion:
iconography, architecture, sculpture, painting, etc.
Religions of the world
RELIGIONS OF THE WORLDWorld religions
Christianity
Islam
Buddhism
National religions
Hinduism
Judaism
Taoism
Shintoism
Confucianism
Zoroastrianism
Features of faith
FEATURES OF FAITH-belief in the existence of God,
- God endows man with free will and choice,
- a person’s responsibility before God for his actions and for the future of his soul.
Faith also includes
Normsmorality
Legal
norms
Faith in salvation
the power of rituals.
belief
inspiration
priests
belief
God-directedness
churches
Buddhism
BUDDHISMBuddha
Buddhism is the oldest
world religion that arose in
1 thousand BC in India.
Founder of the Buddhist
religion
was Siddhartha Gautama.
Buddhism is widespread in China
Japan, Korea, Russia.
Buddhism
BUDDHISMHinayana "small vehicle"
Worshiped in: Myanmar,
Laos, Cambodia,
Thailand, Sri Lanka,
China, Mongolia,
Japan, Tuva, Nepal,
Pakistan, India,
Buryatia, Kalmykia
Mahayana "great vehicle"
Buddhist monk
BUDDHISTMONK
Lhasa. Potala Palace (Buddha Mountain)
L H A S A. D V O R E C P O T A L A (GO R B U D Y)For a long time, the palace was the residence of the Dalai Lamas. The complex includes
more than 1000 premises, covered
10,000 shrines and 20,000 statues.
Statue of Buddha Sakyamuni. Jkong in Lhasa.
S TAT UYA B U D Y S A K Y M U N I. D J K O N G VL H AC E.
The statue depicts Buddha at the age of 16. The statue is the size of
person. Cast from 5 metals (gold, silver, zinc, iron and copper),
decorated with diamonds, rubies, lapis lazuli, emerald. Symbol
Buddhist worship. Buddhist
temple CHRISTIANITY
largest in the world
religions whose adherents
worship Jesus Christ as
son of God; arose in the 1st century. AD V
Roman Empire
Christianity
CatholicismProtestantism
Orthodoxy
1.6 billion people followers Jerusalem. Church of the Holy Sepulcher.
Construction of the temple began under Emperor Constantine in 326
year. The temple was built over the cave where Christ was buried. Rights to the temple
have 4 churches: Roman Catholic, Jerusalem, Armenian and
Coptic. ENTRANCE TO THE TEMPLE OF THE HOLY SEMBER
Leads to the temple courtyard
low gate.
Rhinestone during during
stone visible in the yard
Anointings, on
where the body lay
Christ after removal
from the cross
Entrance to the Church of the Holy Sepulcher
CHRISTIAN COMMANDMENTSBelieve in God
Do not make yourself an idol.
Do not take the name of God in vain.
Work six days, and devote the seventh day to the Lord God
yours
Honor your father and your mother
Thou shalt not kill.
Don't be lecherous
Don't steal
Don’t snitch, don’t complain in vain, don’t gossip.
Don't commit adultery
Christian commandments
SplitChristian
churches
(1054)
Catholic
Orthodox CATHOLICISM
The word "Catholicism" means
– universal, later universal.
One of the largest areas
in Christianity.
Geography of Catholicism:
Italy, Spain, Portugal,
France, Austria, Czech Republic, Poland,
Hungary, Latin countries
America.
There are approximately 800 in the world
millions of followers
Catholicism.
Catholicism as one of
directions of Christian
religion recognizes its basic
dogmas and rituals, but has a number
features in religion, in
cult, in an organization.
The basis of the Catholic
creeds - Holy Scripture
and Sacred Tradition.
The power of the Pope is greater
authority of the Ecumenical Councils.
Catholicism
CATHOLICISMcenter
– State Vatican
chapter churches - POPE ROMAN
Professed by: Italians
Spaniards, Poles, Lithuanians,
Irish, Croats, part
French, Belgian,
Australians, Germans,
Americans, Canadians.
Catholicism
CATHOLICISM–
LARGE N A R V L E N I E V
CHRISTIANITY
The Vatican is the international center of Catholicism,
residence of the pope
Catholicism is the largest denomination in Christianity
HOLIDAYSCatholics' favorite holiday is Christmas.
preceded by a long fast.
It ends with Christmas Eve.
In Catholicism, along with Christian
rituals, many customs associated with
with the ancient cult of fertility, obligatory
the sign of which is food.
At Christmas dinner it is traditional to eat
blessed goose, flour and sweet dishes with
mandatory addition of honey and almonds,
which, according to the beliefs of the “main Catholics” of Italians, contribute to the well-being of the family, and
also improving soil fertility and increasing
number of livestock.
Holidays
Vatican. CathedralPeter and Paul ORTHODOXY
ORTHODOXY, one of the main and oldest
trends in Christianity. Originated from
division in 395 of the Roman Empire into Western and
Eastern..
Orthodoxy
Professed by: Russians,Ukrainians, Belarusians,
Greeks, Romanians, Serbs,
Moldovans, Georgians,
Karelians, Komi, Mari,
Mordovians, Udmurts,
Chuvash. MOST REVERED
HOLIDAYS IN ORTHODOXY
January 7 – Christmas
January 19 – Epiphany
April 7 – Annunciation
Easter (Svetloe Christ's Sunday)
The most revered holidays in Orthodoxy
Orthodox shrinesKiev – Pechersk Lavra, Trinity – Sergievsky
monastery, Optina Pustyn, Valaam Monastery ORTHODOX TEMPLES
Orthodox churches
P A T R I A R H N I K O N –R E F O R M A T O R R U S SKY
P R O V O S L A V N OY C E R K V I
Leader of the Old Believers
Archpriest Avvakum
and his followers
Patriarch Nikon – reformer of the Russian Orthodox Church
ISLAMIslam is one of the world religions that arose
in the 7th century in Arabia. Founder: Mohammed.
Distributed in the East, South -
East Asia, Africa, Russia
(North Caucasus, Tataria, Bashkiria)
Islam
SunnismISLAM
Professed by: Turks,
Azerbaijanis,
Tatars, Bashkirs,
Uzbeks, Kyrgyz,
Pakistanis, Arabs,
part of the Indonesians
Albanians, Bulgarians,
Bosnians.
Shiism
Islam
Koran - the main bookMuslims
Mecca - center
Muslim pilgrimages Cities are considered the cradle of Islam (7th century)
Saudi Arabia - Mecca and Medina. In his
conquest played a huge role in the spread
Arabs and the state they created - the Arab Caliphate.
The geography of Islam in comparison with Christianity has
more compact character (mainly
Near and Middle East). However, Islam penetrated into those
countries where there were never Arab conquerors,
for example in Indonesia, where 90% profess it
population, Malaysia (60%), countries of Black Africa,
Tatarstan, Bashkortostan and other countries and regions. RESPONSIBILITIES OF MUSLIMS
Mandatory five times prayer.
Obligatory ablution before prayer.
tax (zakat) on property and income for the benefit of the poor,
voluntary donations and alms.
An annual fast for a month.
Pilgrimage (Hajj) to the holy city of Mecca, which
a devout Muslim should, if possible,
do it at least once in your life.
There are many prohibitions in religion: eating pork, depicting
god, and also generally depict living beings, humans
or animals, drink wine, etc. The role of religion in society and in everyday life among different nations today
stay very big. This also applies to economic
developed countries of the West, where the church, especially the Catholic one,
acts as a major banker, landowner, influences
politics, education, school education, many other areas
life. This also applies to former socialist countries, in
which after the collapse of the socialist system began
"religious boom" No less, if not more, is the influence of religion in
developing countries where the general cultural and educational
the level is usually lower. This is why getting to know a religious
composition of the population is necessary to understand many processes and
phenomena of our time. Knowledge of the religious affiliation of the population helps to deepen
understand the features of economic and social geography
certain regions of the world. So, in Muslim countries
There are practically no such branches of agriculture as
pig farming and winemaking (due to religious prohibitions on
consumption of pork and wine). The influence of religion sometimes takes its toll
on the nature of clothing and the colors of fabrics produced by the textile industry
industry. Religious traditions (especially Islamic)
find their manifestation in the population reproduction mode, the level
women's employment, etc. WE ALL LIVE IN THE ONE WORLD, BUT
YET WE ARE SO DIFFERENT.