Gods of ancient Greece. Presentation "Gods of Ancient Greece" Presentation of the gods and heroes of ancient Greece
Gods of ancient Greece
Completed by a 5th grade student
Krylov Dmitry
Teacher: Balasyan Lyubov Valerievna
Zeus
Zeus - supreme deity ancient Greek mythology. He is a great thunderer who commanded the sky, thunder, lightning and the whole world. Zeus had unlimited power not only over people, but also over the gods.
The Greeks built a large number of temples in honor of Zeus, and the statue of Zeus is one of the seven wonders of the world.
Poseidon
Poseidon, having drawn the kingdom of the sea by lot, considered himself deceived and tried to win back their kingdoms from other gods, but to no avail. Poseidon among the ancient Greeks was the personification of strength, courage and tough temper. He ruled the seas, rivers, lakes and oceans.
Hades was the ruler of the underworld or underworld. It was to Hades that all the dead souls went. In the power of Hades were great wealth and a world of tranquility.
Apollo
Apollo, nicknamed Phoebus, patron of the arts, leader and patron of the Muses, predictor of the future, healer god, patron of settlers and ancient Greek colonies, also cleansed people who committed murder. One of the most revered gods. Represents the Sun
Hermes
Hermes in ancient Greek mythology is the god of trade, profit, intelligence, dexterity and eloquence, who gives wealth and income in trade, the god of athletes. The patron saint of heralds, ambassadors, shepherds, travelers; patron of magic, alchemy and astrology. Messenger of the gods and guide of the souls of the dead
Ares
It was originally believed that Hera gave birth to Ares from touching a magical flower. In later myths, Ares acted as the son of Zeus, who called him the most hated of all the gods and argued that if Ares had not been his own son, he would have sent him to Tartarus long ago, where the descendants of Uranus languish.
Hephaestus
Hephaestus in Greek mythology is the god of fire, the patron of blacksmithing and the most skilled blacksmith. When Hephaestus was born, he turned out to be a sick and frail child, moreover, lame in both legs. Hera, seeing her son, abandoned him and threw him off the high Olympus. But the sea did not swallow the young god, but accepted him into its bosom. The sea goddess Thetis became the adoptive mother of Hephaestus.
Athena
Pallas Athena in ancient Greek mythology, the goddess of organized war, military strategy and wisdom, one of the most revered goddesses of Ancient Greece, the goddess of knowledge, arts and crafts; warrior maiden, patroness of cities and states, sciences and craftsmanship, intelligence, skill, ingenuity.
Aphrodite
Aphrodite in Greek mythology, the goddess of beauty and love, included among the twelve great Olympic gods. She is also the goddess of fertility, eternal spring and life, the goddess of marriages and even childbirth.
Artemis
Artemis in ancient Greek mythology is a virgin, always young goddess of the hunt, the goddess of fertility, the goddess of female chastity, the patroness of all life on Earth, giving happiness in marriage and help in childbirth, later the goddess of the moon
Persephone
Persephone in ancient Greek mythology is the goddess of fertility and the kingdom of the dead. Daughter of Demeter and Zeus, wife of Hades.
Hades and Persephone enthroned in the realm of the dead
Hera
Hera, in ancient mythology was the wife of Zeus. This is the main goddess who patronized marriage and conjugal love. The goddess was vicious and strict, very jealous and kind of cruel.
Demeter
Demeter ("Mother Earth") ancient Greek mythology goddess of fertility, patroness of agriculture. One of the most revered deities of the Olympic pantheon.
Clio
Clio is the muse of history in ancient Greek mythology. Daughter of Zeus and the goddess of memory Mnemosyne. One of the 9 Olympic Muses.
Melpomene
Melpomene is the muse of tragedy in ancient Greek mythology. One of the nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, mother of the Sirens (by Achelous). Depicted as a woman with a bandage on her head and a wreath of grape leaves or ivy.
ancient greek deities Who are they? Legend, legend, myth?
MOU "Scherbininskaya OOSh"
What are myths?
- Myths are works created by the imagination of the people, which told about the origin of the world and man, about the deeds of ancient heroes and gods. What language does this word come from and what does it mean in it? This word came to us from Greek. It means "THE LEDITION", "THE TALK
- Unable to explain the cause of certain phenomena of nature, the surrounding life, people came up with some higher forces that, in their opinion, controlled everything on Earth, including human life and activity. Man called these higher powers gods and worshiped them, trying to appease and ask for their mercy.
- The ancient Greeks settled their gods on the highest Mount Olympus. Its top was always, even on the clearest day, covered with clouds and remained inaccessible to the human eye. It was there, behind the clouds, that the Greek gods lived, and from the heights of Olympus they followed the affairs of people. From here they generously rewarded people for good deeds or severely punished for misconduct and sins.
- Mount Olympus has always been mysterious and inaccessible to mortal man.
- We will make a short excursion to find out the secret of the appearance of deities.
- Kronos is a titan, the youngest son of Uranus and Gaia, the father of the Olympian gods. On the advice of his mother, he rebelled against his father Uranus and overthrew him. Since Uranus remained helpless, the entire universe was at the feet of Kronos. He unleashed his brothers and sisters - the titans. Taking the goddess Rhea as his wife, Kronos reigned on Olympus. Together they gave birth to two sons - Hades and Poseidon, and three daughters - Demeter, Hera and Hestia.
- Zeus is the son of Kronos and Rhea. The most powerful of the Olympian gods. Kronos was afraid that his children would someday, just like him, rise up against him and be overthrown from Olympus. Therefore, he ordered his wife Rhea to bring him their newborn children and swallowed them. But Rhea hid her last child on the island of Crete, in a deep cave, and instead gave Kronos a stone wrapped in a diaper. Zeus was courted by the nymphs Adrastea and Idea. They fed little Zeus with the milk of the divine goat Amalthea.
- Hera is the daughter of Kronos and Rhea, the sister and wife of Zeus, the patroness of marriages, conjugal love and childbirth.
- At the wedding of Hera and Zeus, all the gods sent them their gifts. Mother Earth Gaia gave Hera a tree with golden apples, which began to guard the Hesperides on Mount Atlas in Hera's garden.
- Hera and Zeus had children: Ares - the god of war, Hephaestus - the god of blacksmithing and forever young Hebe. Hera reigns on high Olympus, is an adviser and assistant to her husband. If desired, the goddess can give anyone the gift of foresight. Great is the power of Hera - the Queen of the gods. All living things bow before her, the great goddess
- Hades is the son of Kronos and Rhea, the brother of Zeus, the ruler of the kingdom of the dead. He reigns deep underground. Not a single ray of the sun penetrates there. The realm of Hades is also called Hades or Hades. The sacred river Styx flows there, the waters of which the gods themselves swear by. The souls of the dead fill its surroundings with loud lamentations. The huge dog Kerber guards the entrance. Stern old Charon, the carrier of the souls of the dead, will never take a single soul to where the sun shines and laughter is heard.
- Poseidon is the son of Kronos and Rhea, the brother of Zeus, the Olympian god, the ruler of the sea kingdom and all its inhabitants. Deep in the depths of the sea stands the wonderful palace of the brother of Zeus the Thunderer, the oscillator of the Earth Poseidon. Poseidon rules over the seas, and the waves of the sea are obedient to the slightest movement of his hand, armed with a formidable trident. In the depths of the sea lives with Poseidon and his beautiful wife Amphitrite, daughter of the sea prophetic elder Nereus
- Demeter is the daughter of Kronos and Rhea, the sister of Zeus, the goddess of fertility and agriculture. She gives fertility to the earth, and without her charitable power, nothing grows either in forests, or in meadows, or on arable land. She taught people how to farm, at her command the bread ripens. In the month of sowing, the Greeks celebrated the feast of Thesmaphoria in honor of Demeter.
- Ares is the god of cruel and ruthless war, the son of Hera and Zeus. On Olympus, Ares became a secret rival of the industrious Hephaestus. Ares has two sons to match him: Phobos (Fear) and Deimos (Horror), eternal companions of war
- Hephaestus The son of Zeus and Hera, the god of fire, the blacksmith god, with whom no one could compare in the art of forging. He was born a weak and ugly baby. In anger, Hera grabbed and threw her son from Olympus down to a distant land. Fortunately, he did not fall to the ground, but into the boundless sea, where the child was picked up by oceanids, sea goddesses. They took pity on the little freak and carried him to the bottom of the ocean. There, in the azure grotto, they raised Hephaestus. Hephaestus grew up ugly, lame, but with powerful arms and a broad chest. He was a marvelous master in blacksmithing, forged many unique gold and silver jewelry.
- Athena is the first daughter of Zeus and the goddess Metis, the warrior goddess, the protector of cities, the patroness of sciences, agriculture, crafts. She is the goddess of just war. She patronizes the heroes of Greece, gives them wise advice and helps them in times of danger. Athena keeps cities, fortresses and their walls. And the girls of Greece especially honor her for patronage in women's needlework. The goddess is wiser than all the gods of Olympus. Knowing this, Zeus sat her next to her and consulted with her before doing anything. And people, wanting to improve their lives, turned to Athena for help and advice. A lot of temples were built in honor of Athena in Greece
- Apollo - son of Zeus and Latona (goddess of summer), god of light, archer, patron of predictions, arts, music and poetry, leader of the muses
- Artemis is the daughter of Zeus and Latona, the twin sister of Apollo.
- Artemis is the goddess-huntress, the patroness of animals, the goddess of fertility. She takes care of everything that lives on earth, grows in the forest and in the field. Beautiful as a clear day, with a bow and a quiver behind her shoulders, Artemis hunts merrily with her nymph companions. Artemis likes to rest in cool grottoes. And woe to those who disturb her peace.
- Aphrodite - originally the goddess of fertility, and then the goddess of love. She was born from sea foam and drops of blood from the deposed god Uranus. Aphrodite awakens love in the hearts of gods and mortals. Because of this, she reigns over the whole world. No one can escape her power. Since then, the golden Aphrodite has always lived among the gods of Olympus, forever young, the most beautiful of the goddesses. Aphrodite bestows happiness on those who faithfully serve her
- Hymen is the god of marriage, the son of Aphrodite and Dionysus, the god of viticulture and winemaking.
- He hurries on his snow-white wings ahead of the wedding processions. The flame of his marriage torch burns brightly. Choirs of girls call during the wedding of Hymen, asking him to bless the marriage of the young and send them joyful life
Greek mythology
The myths of Ancient Greece formed the basis of human culture, have an attractive force and deeply penetrated into the ideas and way of thinking of modern man.
Greek mythology arose as an attempt by the ancients to explain the emergence of life on earth, the causes of natural phenomena, in front of which man was powerless, to determine his place in the environment.
Various plots of ancient Greek myths constantly appear in the works of ancient Greek writers. The biggest sources are:
The Iliad and the Odyssey by Homer
Theogony of Hesiod
Parian marble
"The Interpretation of Dreams" by Artemidorus of Daldian
"Library" of Pseudo-Apollodorus
"Metamorphoses" by Ovid
Greek mythology gave rise to all literature.
First Generation of Gods
First existed Chaos . The gods that emerged from Chaos - Gaia (Earth), Nikta/Nyukta (Night), Tartarus (Abyss), Erebus (Darkness), Eros (Love); the gods that emerged from Gaia - Uranus (sky) and Pont (Inland Sea). The gods had the appearance of those natural elements that they embodied.
Second Generation of Gods
Children of Gaia (fathers - Uranus, Pontus and Tartarus) - Keto (mistress of sea monsters), Nereus (calm sea), Tavmant (marine wonders) Forky (guardian of the sea) Eurybia (sea power), titans and titanides . Children of Nikta and Erebus - Hemera (Day), Hypnos (Dream), Kera (Misfortunes) moira (Fate), Mom (Slander and Stupidity) Nemesis (Retribution), Thanatos (Death), Eris (Discord) Erinyes (Vengeance), Ether (Air); Ata (Deception).
Titans
Titans: Hyperion , Iapetus , Kay , krios , Kronos , Ocean .
Titanides: Mnemosyne , Rhea , Theia , Tethys , Phoebe , Themis .
Children of the titans (second generation of titans): Asteria , Atlas , Helios (personification of the sun) Summer , Menetius , Prometheus , Selena (personification of the moon), Eos (personification of the morning dawn), Epimetheus .
Uranus
Uranus is the god of the sky, the personification of the masculine principle of nature. Having united with mother earth (Gaia), he gave birth to all living things, including titans, giants and other deities. Heartless and cruel, he imprisoned his children, then the titan Kronos rebelled against him and took power from him.
Eos is the goddess of the dawn, the sister of Helios (the sun) and Selene (the moon). Every morning, rising on her chariot to heaven, she made the sun rise and awakened the earth, showering it with diamond dew drops.
The gods of Olympus
The Greek Mount Olympus is located in Thessaly. Its name means "roundness", since the top, on which, according to myths, the gods sat, was round, convenient for meetings. At first, the titan gods lived there. They were mindless and cruel creatures.
Zeus
Zeus is considered the true Greek supreme deity. He is the father of humans and the head of the Olympian family of gods. His name means "bright sky". Zeus defeated the cruel titan gods, including his father Cronus, because he was afraid of his children and devoured their newly born ones. The titan gods were thrown into Tartarus - into eternal darkness, and a new galaxy of gods appeared on Olympus, headed by the supreme god Zeus.
In the kingdom of Zeus, everything is like in paradise: there is always a blue sky overhead, eternal summer reigns, the air is filled with pleasant aromas. Zeus himself sits on a golden throne. On the table of the gods, ambrosia and nectar are the most blessed food and drink, giving eternal youth, health and immortality.
Statue of Zeus. Sculptor Phidias
Hera
Hera is the wife of Zeus, the queen of gods and people, the patroness of marriages. She commands, like her husband Zeus, thunder and lightning, at the word of her dark rain clouds cover the sky, with a wave of her hand she raises terrible storms. Beautiful great Hera. Wonderful curls fall in a wave from under her crown, her eyes burn with calm grandeur. The gods honor Hera, honors and consults with her and her husband Zeus. Majestic, in long luxurious clothes, in a chariot harnessed by two immortal horses, she leaves Olympus. Hera is dedicated to a pomegranate (a symbol of marriage and love), a cuckoo, a crow and a peacock.
Temple of Hera
In many cities of Greece there were temples dedicated to the goddess Hera. In these temples were statues of Hera made of gold and ivory. Once every five years there were festivities in honor of the goddess - the so-called herei.
Temple of Hera at Paestum (2nd quarter of the 5th century BC)
Themis
Themis is the guardian of laws, who stands at the throne of Zeus. She convenes, at the behest of the Thunderer, meetings of the gods on Olympus and people's meetings on earth, she watches that order and law are not violated.
Apollo
In ancient Greek mythology, the radiant and golden-haired Apollo - the god of light, sciences, arts and love, the healer god, the patron of herds, the guardian of roads, travelers and sailors, the predictor of the future, personified the sun. The sacred animals of Apollo were the wolf, dolphin, swan; from plants, olive, laurel, palm were dedicated to him.
Bolshoi Theater in Moscow (Apollo on a chariot)
Statue of Apollo
Artemis
Artemis is the goddess-huntress, the patroness of the family hearth, livestock and wild animals, the goddess of fertility. Artemis is an eternally young goddess, born at the same time as her golden-haired brother Apollo.
Artemis of Ephesus
Temple of Artemis
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
The cult of Artemis was widespread throughout Greece. In Asia, the temple of Artemis in Ephesus was especially famous (the same one that, wanting to “become famous”, burned Herostratus in 356 BC; hence the expression “Gerostrat’s glory”, that is, the memory of the atrocity.)
Athena
Athena is one of the most revered goddesses of Greece, the goddess of wisdom, the patroness of cities and states both in the days of peace and during war; she gave laws to people, she is the patroness of sciences, agriculture, crafts. Athena is also considered the goddess of just and reasonable war. Athena is a daughter born by Zeus himself from his head. She came out into the world in full armor, in a brilliant helmet, with a spear and a shield. She shook her gleaming spear menacingly. Her war cry resounded far across the sky and shook Olympus to its very foundations. Athena's blue eyes burned with wisdom, she shone with marvelous powerful beauty.
Athena in full armor. Sculptor Phidias
Acropolis in Athens
In Greece, Athena is the main deity of the country and the city of Athens. The main temple of the goddess is the Parthenon, where there was a giant statue of her by Phidias, covered with gold and ivory. The Acropolis is a fortified city, which is located on a 150-meter hill. According to legend, two deities fought for his patronage - the lord of the seas Poseidon and Athena. Everyone had to make a gift to the city. Whose will be more useful, the name of that one will remain with the city. Poseidon gave sea water, and Athena is an olive tree. The Olympic gods, who judged the dispute, considered Athena's gift more important and more useful for the inhabitants and gave the city under her protection and called Athens.
Acropolis in Athens (in the center of the Parthenon)
Hermes
Hermes is one of ancient gods Greece. He was the patron god of flocks, and he was depicted with a lamb on his shoulders. Hermes is the patron of trade, which means dexterity, deceit and even theft. In addition, he patronized the young men in their gymnastic exercises, which are obligatory in Greek education.
Statue of Hermes
Hephaestus
Hephaestus is the god of fire and blacksmithing, the patron of metallurgy. Hephaestus is the only one of the Olympian gods who was engaged in physical labor; he built for himself and the gods magnificent copper palaces, for Achilles he forged unusual armor, for Dimeter - armor, for Zeus - a scepter and aegis. He was depicted as a bearded, broad-shouldered blacksmith with a hammer or tongs.
Ares
Ares is one of the main Olympic gods, the god of war, the personification of ferocious militancy, the source of death, destruction and bloodshed. He was young, strong and handsome. Depicted as a mighty warrior in a helmet. His symbols are a burning torch, a spear, dogs and vultures.
Field of Mars
Field of Mars
In St. Petersburg, the area for holding military parades was called the Field of Mars (among the Romans - the god of war Mars), this name has survived to this day; near the Field of Mars there is a monument to A.V. Suvorov - the commander is depicted as a Roman soldier.
Monument to A.V. Suvorov
Aphrodite
Birth of Venus. Hood. S. Botticelli
Aphrodite, Eros and Pan
Aphrodite - originally the goddess of fertility, then the goddess of love and beauty. There are two versions of its origin. According to one, she is the daughter of Zeus and the nymph Dione, according to another, she was born from sea foam. She was also regarded as the patroness of navigation. As a sea goddess, a dolphin was dedicated to her, as a goddess of fertility - a sparrow, a dove, a hare, as a goddess of love - myrtle, rose, poppy and apple.
Cyprida
Cyprida is the second name of Aphrodite. She was born near the island of Cythera from the snow-white foam of the sea waves. A light breeze brought her to the island of Cyprus (hence the name). The island of Cyprus was the main center of the cult of Aphrodite; here in the city of Paphos there was a temple of the goddess revered by all Greeks.
Messengers of Aphrodite
Aphrodite has messengers through whom she carries out her will. These are Eros and Hymen. Eros is the son of Aphrodite, a cheerful, playful, treacherous, and sometimes cruel boy. He flies on shining golden wings over the lands and seas, in his hands is a small golden bow, behind his shoulders is a quiver with arrows. The arrows of Eros bring joy and happiness with them, but often they bring suffering, the anguish of love, and even death. Having pricked with his own arrow, he fell in love with the mortal Psyche, the goddess who personifies the human soul, and married her, Zeus granted her immortality. Hymen is the young god of marriage. He flies on his snow-white wings ahead of the wedding processions. He blesses the marriage of the young and sends them a joyful life.
Eros and Psyche
Hymen
Demeter
Demeter is the sister of Zeus, the goddess of fertility and agriculture. The Greeks began to honor her as the greatest goddess at a time when agriculture became their main occupation. Temples were built in honor of Demeter, where magnificent festivities took place.
"Temple of Demeter" in Paestum, Lucania. 2nd half of the 6th c. BC.
Dionysus
Dionysus is the god of vegetation, wine and winemaking, one of the most ancient and popular gods of Greece. Several merry holidays were dedicated to Dionysus, celebrated from late autumn to spring. These festivities served as the beginning of theatrical performances. During the Great Dionysius, choirs of singers dressed in goat skins performed in Athens and performed special hymns-dithyrambs, singing was accompanied by dancing; thus a tragedy arose (translated from Greek as "goat's song"). From winter dithyrambs, in which the sufferings of Dionysus were lamented, tragedy developed, and from spring, joyful, accompanied by laughter and jokes, comedy.
Pan is the god of forests and groves, the god of shepherds, the protector of herds, the patron of hunters, beekeepers, and fishermen. This is a cheerful god, a companion of Dionysus, he dances and plays the flute. But he can also induce panic fear and horror on those who violated his peace and solitude. It can inflict the same horror on enemies in war. The Greeks believed that he helped them win the battles of Marathon and Salamis. Therefore, a cave on the Athenian Acropolis was dedicated to Pan, and torchlight processions were held annually in his honor. It was believed that Pan had the gift of prophecy and gave this gift to Apollo.
Pan. Hood. M. Vrubel
Asclepius
Asclepius - god of healing, son of Apollo. A mortal, he was considered such a skilled physician that he was able to resurrect the dead. For this, the angry Zeus struck him with lightning, but he did not descend into Hades, but became the god of medicine.
Nika
Nike is the winged goddess of victory, the constant companion of Zeus. It is believed that she accompanied the Greeks in the fight against the Persians. A temple was built in her honor on the Greek Acropolis in Athens. It was located at the place where, according to the myth, the Athenian king Aegeus threw himself off a cliff into the sea, deciding that his son Theseus died in a fight with the evil Minotaur, the devourer of people. Since then, the sea has been called the Aegean. During the Turkish occupation, the Temple of Nike was destroyed.
Hestia
Hestia - the goddess of the hearth, was very popular, as she protected the home and its inhabitants. Each house had an altar where the family brought gifts to her. Calm and gentle, she never participated in jealous quarrels that often broke out on Olympus. She lost her place on Olympus to Dionysus.
Eris
Hebe
Eris is the daughter of Zeus and Night, the sister and companion of Ares, the goddess of discord, the mother of disasters, quarrels and hunger. Being vindictive and vicious, she caused many troubles to the gods and people. Her intrigues led to the Trojan War.
Hebe, the daughter of Zeus and Hera, offered nectar and ambrosia at feasts. It was believed that she became the wife of the Greek hero Hercules when he ascended to Olympus.
Poseidon
Poseidon is the god of the sea. He is the brother of Zeus and Hades and lives deep in the depths of the sea in a wonderful palace. Poseidon rules over the seas, and the waves of the sea are obedient to the slightest movement of his hand, armed with a formidable trident. When Poseidon, in his chariot, harnessed by marvelous horses, rushes across the sea, the ever-noisy waves part and give way to their master. When Poseidon waves his formidable trident, then, like mountains, sea waves rise, covered with white ridges of foam, and a fierce storm rages on the sea.
Temple of Poseidon. 5th century BC.
Monuments to Poseidon
Statue of Poseidon in the port of Copenhagen, Denmark
Fountain of Poseidon
Eol - the lord of the winds, could send both a storm or a storm, and a light breeze in the heat. According to one version, he was fed by a cow. According to another, he was born and raised in Metapont, where his mother fled. When he was expelled, he settled on the Aeolian Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea and founded the city of Lipara.
Deep underground reigns the relentless, gloomy brother of Zeus and Poseidon Hades. The realm of Hades is the realm of the souls of the dead. The rays of the sun never penetrate there. On the gloomy fields of the kingdom of Hades, light shadows of the dead are carried. They complain about their joyless life without light and without desires. There is no return to anyone from this realm of sorrow. The three-headed dog Kerber guards the exit.
Dead island. Hood. A. Becklin
Persephone
Persephone is the daughter of Zeus and Demeter, the personification of the annual death and awakening of nature. Kidnapped by Hades, she became the queen of the underworld, but Demeter missed her very much. Then Zeus decided that Persephone would spend half the year with her mother (spring and summer) and half the year with Hades (autumn and winter). According to the Greeks, for this reason the seasons changed each other.
Myths, legends and tales are the fantastic ideas of our ancestors about the world around us, this is a kind of history of the past. Greek myths were further developed in ancient Roman legends.
Read Greco-Roman Mythology!
Sources
- Legends and tales of ancient Greece and ancient rome. M., Pravda, 1988.
2. Kubeev M.N. 100 great legends and myths of the world. M., "Veche", 2010.
3. Kubeev M.N. 100 great wonders of the world. M., "Veche", 2009.
4. http://grechistory.ru
5. http://ru.wikipedia.org
6. http://godsbay.ru
Thank you for your attention!
Presentation prepared
teacher of Russian language and literature MKOU "Kudrinskaya secondary school"
Kryuchkova
Galina
Anatolievna
Rhea hid the last child on the island of Crete, in a deep cave, and gave Kronos a stone wrapped in swaddling clothes. Zeus was courted by the nymphs Adrastea and Idea. They fed him with the milk of the divine goat Amalthea. Whenever the baby Zeus cried, the young carriages guarding the entrance to the cave hit the shields with their swords so that Kronos would not hear his cry. Adrastea Idea of Amalthea Zeus carriage Zeus
Once Kronos was predicted that he was destined to be defeated by his own son. However, as far as he knew, he had swallowed them all. Angry, he asked Metis to bring him some wine. Metis brought the drink poisoned. With an attack of vomiting, the womb of Kronos regurgitated all the previously swallowed children. | Metis Demeter
Hades Hades - the son of Kronos and Rhea, the brother of Zeus, the ruler of the kingdom of the dead. Kronos ReiZeus Deep underground reigns Zeus' inexorable gloomy brother Hades. The rays of the bright sun never penetrate there. his kingdom - world of the dead Also called Hades or Hades. The kingdom of Hades is full of horrors. The great goddess Hecate rules over all ghosts and monsters. The kingdom of Hades is terrible and it is hated by people. Zeus Hecate Demeter
Nike is not only the goddess of victories in battles, but also in artistic and athletic contests. She helps both gods and people. Nike was portrayed as a winged woman with a laurel wreath or a palm branch, often on a chariot. Nike is the goddess of victory, the daughter of the Oceanid Styx and Pallant. Nike participated in the power struggle between Zeus and her father Kronos. Zeus made her his inseparable companion
Daughter of King Inach of Argos, beloved of Zeus. Fearing the wrath of a jealous Hera, Zeus turned Io into a snow-white heifer, but Hera demanded her as a gift and assigned Argos, who was killed at the will of Zeus by Hermes, to guard her. After that, Io, tormented by a gadfly sent by Hera, wandered through Greece, Asia, Egypt, where she took on her former appearance and gave birth to the son Epaphus from Zeus.
Hestia was the daughter of Kronos and Rhea, the sister of Hera, Dimeter, Poseidon, Zeus and Pluto. Her brother Zeus freed her, and when all sorts of wars ended, he took her to Olympus and made her a goddess. Hestia was never married, but devoted her life to the home hearths of mortals, so in every house there was an altar with her name and an unquenchable fire burned in it - her love for everyone. Every evening after work, the whole family gathered around him, and discussed their problems, and talked with the goddess, who seemed to be next to them, warming the evening meal. Her appearance, as she was depicted by the statues, had a special sweetness, and kindness poured out of her eyes. She was always considered the most modest goddess, different stories were not told about her, since her life was calm, without adventures, she was loved like few goddesses on Olympus.
- myths, gods,
- heroes, people.
- Dictionary of concepts
- Myth is a work created by the imagination of the people, which conveys the ideas of ancient peoples about the origin of the world, about natural phenomena, about gods and legendary heroes.
- Mythology is a set of myths and mythical representations.
- A fairy tale is a work of oral folk art of a predominantly magical or everyday nature with a setting for fiction.
- A legend is a work created on the basis of oral tradition, in which the story of real people and true events is combined with elements of fantasy. The legend is reality, embellished with fantasy.
- Aed is a singer who composed and performed epic songs to the accompaniment of a stringed instrument.
- Kifara is an ancient Greek plucked stringed instrument.
- Rhapsode - an ancient Greek recitative, recitative, without musical accompaniment, performed epic poems at holidays, feasts and competitions.
- The gods are powerful and immortal, acting according to their will.
- People are mortal, dependent on the gods.
- Heroes are born from the union of gods and people. Heroes are mortal, but powerful. Often they do the will of the gods.
- Olympus- a mountain in Thessaly, where the gods live. On Olympus are the palaces of Zeus and other gods, built and decorated by Hephaestus. The gates of Olympus open and close the Oras as they ride out in golden chariots. Olympus is thought of as a symbol of the supreme power of a new generation of Olympian gods who defeated the titans
- Gods of Ancient Greece
- The Olympians are the supreme gods of the younger generation of Greek gods, led by Zeus, who lived on the top of Mount Olympus. In Greek mythology, the Olympians were revered as the supreme deities. Traditionally, there are twelve main Olympian gods: Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Aphrodite, Hermes, Athena, Hephaestus and Hestia.
- Apollo is the god of sunlight. Apollo had the gift to foresee the future and was considered the patron of all arts.
- Ares is the god of perfidious war, the son of Zeus and Hera. The Greeks portrayed him as a strong young man.
- Artemis is the goddess of hunting and nature. A grandiose temple was erected in her honor - one of the seven wonders of the world. The main images of Artemis are in the form of a huntress in a short chiton, with a spear and a bow, accompanied by nymphs or several fallow deer
- Athena (Pallas) is the daughter of Zeus, born from his head in full combat armor. One of the most revered Greek goddesses, goddess of just war and wisdom, patroness of knowledge
- Aphrodite is the goddess of love and beauty. She was born from the marriage of Zeus and the goddess Dione (according to another legend, she came out of the sea foam, hence her title Anadyomene, “foam-born”).
- Hermes is the patron of wanderers, crafts, trade, thieves. He played the role of a messenger of the gods and a conductor of the souls of the dead. He was depicted, as a rule, in the form of a young man in a simple hat and winged sandals, with a magic wand in his hands.
- Hestia is the goddess of the hearth and fire.
- Hephaestus is the god of fire and blacksmithing. He was considered the patron of artisans (especially blacksmiths). The Greeks depicted Hephaestus as a broad-shouldered, short and lame man, working in a forge, where he forges weapons for the Olympian gods and heroes.
- Hera - the supreme Olympic goddess, Hera was considered the patroness of marriage.
- Demeter is the goddess of fertility and agriculture.
- Poseidon is the brother of Zeus and Hades, who rules over the sea. Poseidon was also subject to the bowels of the earth, he commanded storms and earthquakes. Depicted as a man with a trident in his hand, usually accompanied by a retinue of lower sea deities and sea animals.
- Zeus is the supreme god, the king of gods and people. Zeus was considered the lord of thunder and thunder. As the eldest of the gods, Zeus was the patron of justice, sent people wealth and prosperity, kept the world order. Zeus was portrayed as a portly man with a bolt of lightning in his fist.
- Ancient Greek mythology in art
- Priam asking for Hector's body to be returned to him.
- Alexander Ivanov, 1824 Moscow, Tretyakov Gallery
- The Abduction of Europa
- Valentin Serov, 1910 Moscow, Tretyakov Gallery
- Bacchus.
- Leonardo da Vinci, 1510-15 Paris, Louvre.
- Vulcan Forge
- Diego Velasquez, 1630 Madrid, Prado Museum
- Death of Orpheus
- Albrecht Durer, 1494
- Head of Medusa
- Caravaggio, 1598-99 Uffizi Gallery, Florence.
- Landscape with Orpheus and Eurydice
- Nicolas Poussin, 1648 Paris, Louvre
- Parnassus
- Raphael Santi, 1509-10 Rome, Vatican Museums
- Palm - first place among others due to superiority over all others. From the ancient Greek custom of rewarding the winner of a competition with a palm branch or wreath
- Pandora's Box- the source of multiple misfortunes, disasters. From the ancient Greek myth of Pandora, according to which people once lived without knowing any misfortunes, illness and old age, until Prometheus stole fire from the gods. For this, the angry Zeus sent to earth beautiful woman- Pandora; she received from God a casket in which all human misfortunes were locked. Despite Prometheus' warning not to open the casket, Pandora, spurred on by curiosity, opened it and scattered all misfortunes.
- Throw thunder and lightning - scold someone; speak angrily, irritably, reproaching, denouncing someone or threatening him. Originated from the concept of Zeus - supreme god Olympus, who, according to myths, dealt with his enemies and people who were objectionable to him with the help of thunderbolts, terrifying in their power, forged by Hephaestus.
- Sink into oblivion - be forgotten, disappear without a trace and forever.
- From the name Lethe - the river of oblivion in the underworld of Hades; from it the souls of the dead drank water and forgot their whole past life
- sing praises- to praise someone or something with great enthusiasm; to praise someone or something. It arose from the name of dithyrambs - laudatory songs in honor of the god of wine and vine Dionysus, sung during processions dedicated to this deity.
- Winged words and expressions associated with ancient Greek mythology
- Sisyphean labor- useless, endless hard work, fruitless work.
- The expression came from the ancient Greek legend of Sisyphus (Sisyphus), a well-known cunning, able to deceive even the gods and constantly came into conflict with them. It was he who managed to chain the god of death, sent to him, and keep him imprisoned for several years, as a result of which people did not die. For his actions, Sisyphus was severely punished in Aideon - he had to roll a heavy stone up the mountain, which, reaching the top, inevitably fell down, so that all work had to be started anew
- Procrustean bed- that which is a measure for something, to which something is forcibly adjusted or adapted.
- Initially, it was a bed on which, according to ancient Greek myth, the robber Polypemon, nicknamed Procrustes ("stretching"), laid the travelers he captured and stretched out the legs of those for whom this bed was large, or cut off the legs of those for whom it was small.
- Sword of Damocles- a constant threat to someone, a nuisance.
- The expression arose from the ancient Greek legend about the Syracusan tyrant Dionysius the Elder (432-367 BC), who, in order to teach a lesson to one of his confidants, Damocles, who envied his position, put him in his place during the feast, hanging over his head Damocles sharp sword on a horsehair as a symbol of the dangers that inevitably threaten the tyrant. Damocles realized how little happy he is who is under eternal fear.
- Olympic
- First round "Gods and heroes of myths" (long jump)
- 1. From what sources did the myths of Ancient Greece become known?
- Poems of Homer, Hesiod
- 2. What was the name of the food of the gods, which gives them eternal youth and immortality?
- Nectar is the drink of the gods, ambrosia is the food of the gods
- 3. What was the name of the clothes worn by the ancient Greeks and Romans?
- Tunic, toga, chiton.
- 4. Name musical instruments Ancient Greece.
- Kifara, lyre
- 5. Name the brothers of Zeus. How did they distribute dominance over the world?
- Hades is the kingdom of the dead, Poseidon is the lord of the seas.
- 6. Which of the three goddesses (Athena, Aphrodite, Hera) did Paris give an apple with the inscription "Most Beautiful"?
- Aphrodite
- 7. Name the hero of ancient Greek mythology, whose activity has become a symbol of fruitless labor.
- Sisyphus
- 8. What name did the Romans give to the beloved Greek hero Hercules?
- Hercules
- 9. Who raised Hercules?
- Centaur Chiron
- 10. Who gave people fire?
- Prometheus
- Second round "Mythical animals" (running)
- Wild creatures, half-humans, half-horses, inhabitants of mountains and forests.
- centaurs
- 2. The body of this monster is lion's in front, goat's in the middle, and snake's in the back; he has three heads: a lion, a goat and a snake, belching fire.
- Chimera
- 3. A monster with the face and chest of a woman, the body of a lion and the wings of a bird. This monster Hera sent to Fifa as punishment. It sat not far from the city and asked passers-by a riddle: “Who is on four legs in the morning, two in the afternoon, and three in the evening?” Those who did not know how to answer this question were choked to death by the monster in their arms.
- Sphinx
- 4. Guess the riddle of the Sphinx.
- Person: child, adult, old man.
- 5. Monsters with bird wings, an eagle's beak and a lion's body. They are the "dogs of Zeus".
- Griffins
- 6. The magical bird comes from Ethiopia. It looks like an eagle in fiery plumage, lives 500 years. When the time comes, it burns itself. From her ashes, a new bird is reborn.
- Phoenix
- 7. Half-virgin, half-snake. She lived in an underground cave, far from gods and people.
- Echidna
- 8. Half-women, half-birds with divine voices. They live on a rocky island and lure sailors passing by with their captivating voices, and having lured them, they kill and devour them.
- Sirens
- 9. Guardian of Hades, a three-headed dog with a snake tail.
- Kerberos or Cerberus.
- The third round "Phraseological turns"
- (discus throw)
- Tell about the origin of phraseological units
- Cornucopia
- Apple of discord
- panic fear
- Achilles' heel
- Sisyphean labor
- Pandora's Box
- Trojan horse
- Procrustean bed
- How many heads did the hydra have?
- Nine
- 2. Who helped defeat the hydra?
- Iolaus - nephew of Hercules
- 3. How did Hercules manage to defeat the Stymphalian birds?
- With the help of ratchet
- 4. Who owned the Kerinean fallow deer?
- Artemis
- 5. Where did Eurystheus hide when he saw Hercules with the Erymanthian boar?
- In a large bronze vessel
- 6. Which of the gods gave the bull to the king of Crete?
- Poseidon
- 7. What did Diomedes feed the horses with?
- human flesh
- 8. What is the meaning of Hippolyta's belt?
- Sign of power, brings good luck
- 9. How many apples did Hercules bring from the garden of the Hesperides?
- Fourth round "12 labors of Hercules" (javelin throw)
- Fifth round "Greco-Roman Gods" (wrestling)
- Name the Roman counterparts of the Greek gods
- 1. Zeus
- Jupiter, king of gods and men. god of thunder and lightning
- 2. Gera
- Juno, guardian of the family
- 3. Aphrodite
- Venus, goddess of love
- 4. Eros
- Cupid, god of love
- 5. Ares
- Mars, god of war
- 6. Artemis
- Diana, goddess of the hunt
- 7. Athena
- Minerva, goddess of wisdom and just war
- 8. Hephaestus
- Vulcan, god of fire and blacksmithing
- 9. Poseidon
- Neptune, god of the sea