Ancient Greek mythology. Gods of Ancient Greece - list God messenger of the gods in Greece
The main gods in Ancient Hellas were recognized as those who belonged to the younger generation of celestials. Once upon a time, it took away power over the world from the older generation, who personified the main universal forces and elements (see about this in the article The Origin of the Gods of Ancient Greece). The gods of the older generation are usually called titans. Defeating the Titans lesser gods led by Zeus settled on Mount Olympus. The ancient Greeks honored the 12 Olympian gods. Their list usually included Zeus, Hera, Athena, Hephaestus, Apollo, Artemis, Poseidon, Ares, Aphrodite, Demeter, Hermes, Hestia. Hades is also close to the Olympian gods, but he does not live on Olympus, but in his underground kingdom.
Gods Ancient Greece. Video
God Poseidon (Neptune). Antique statue of the 2nd century. according to R.H.
Olympian goddess Artemis. Statue in the Louvre
Statue of Virgin Athena in the Parthenon. Ancient Greek sculptor Phidias
Venus (Aphrodite) de Milo. Statue approx. 130-100 BC.
Eros Earthly and Heavenly. Artist G. Baglione, 1602
Hymen- companion of Aphrodite, god of marriage. After his name, wedding hymns were also called hymens in Ancient Greece.
- daughter of Demeter, kidnapped by the god Hades. The inconsolable mother, after a long search, found Persephone in the underworld. Hades, who made her his wife, agreed that she should spend part of the year on earth with her mother, and the other with him in the bowels of the earth. Persephone was the personification of grain, which, being “dead” sown into the ground, then “comes to life” and comes out of it into the light.
The abduction of Persephone. Antique jug, ca. 330-320 BC.
Amphitrite- wife of Poseidon, one of the Nereids
Proteus- one of sea deities Greeks Son of Poseidon, who had the gift of predicting the future and changing his appearance
Triton- the son of Poseidon and Amphitrite, a messenger of the deep sea, blowing a shell. By appearance- a mixture of man, horse and fish. Close to the eastern god Dagon.
Eirene- goddess of peace, standing at the throne of Zeus on Olympus. IN Ancient Rome- goddess Pax.
Nika- goddess of victory. Constant companion of Zeus. In Roman mythology - Victoria
Dike- in Ancient Greece - the personification of divine truth, a goddess hostile to deception
Tyukhe- goddess of luck and good fortune. For the Romans - Fortuna
Morpheus – ancient greek god dreams, son of the god of sleep Hypnos
Plutos– god of wealth
Phobos(“Fear”) – son and companion of Ares
Deimos(“Horror”) – son and companion of Ares
Enyo- among the ancient Greeks - the goddess of frantic war, who arouses rage in the fighters and brings confusion into the battle. In Ancient Rome - Bellona
Titans
Titans are the second generation of gods of Ancient Greece, generated by natural elements. The first Titans were six sons and six daughters, descended from the connection of Gaia-Earth with Uranus-Sky. Six sons: Cronus (Time among the Romans - Saturn), Ocean (father of all rivers), Hyperion, Kay, Kriy, Iapetus. Six daughters: Tethys(Water), Theia(Shine), Rhea(Mother Mountain?), Themis (Justice), Mnemosyne(Memory), Phoebe.
Uranus and Gaia. Ancient Roman mosaic 200-250 AD.
In addition to the Titans, Gaia gave birth to Cyclopes and Hecatoncheires from her marriage with Uranus.
Cyclops- three giants with a large, round, fiery eye in the middle of their forehead. In ancient times - personifications of clouds from which lightning flashes
Hecatoncheires- “hundred-handed” giants, against whose terrible strength nothing can resist. Incarnations of terrible earthquakes and floods.
The Cyclopes and Hecatoncheires were so strong that Uranus himself was horrified by their power. He tied them up and threw them deep into the earth, where they are still rampaging, causing volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. The presence of these giants in the belly of the earth began to cause terrible suffering. Gaia persuaded her youngest son, Cronus, to take revenge on his father, Uranus, by castrating him.
Cron did it with a sickle. From the drops of blood of Uranus that spilled, Gaia conceived and gave birth to three Erinyes - goddesses of vengeance with snakes on their heads instead of hair. The names of Erinny are Tisiphone (the killing avenger), Alecto (the tireless pursuer) and Megaera (the terrible). From that part of the seed and blood of castrated Uranus that fell not on the ground, but in the sea, the goddess of love Aphrodite was born.
Night-Nyukta, in anger at the lawlessness of Krona, gave birth to terrible creatures and deities Tanata (Death), Eridu(Discord) Apata(Deception), goddesses of violent death Ker, Hypnos(Dream-Nightmare), Nemesis(Revenge), Gerasa(Old age), Charona(carrier of the dead to the underworld).
Power over the world has now passed from Uranus to the Titans. They divided the universe among themselves. Cronus became the supreme god instead of his father. The ocean gained power over a huge river, which, according to the ideas of the ancient Greeks, flows around the entire earth. Four other brothers of Cronos reigned in the four cardinal directions: Hyperion - in the East, Crius - in the south, Iapetus - in the West, Kay - in the North.
Four of the six elder titans married their sisters. From them came the younger generation of titans and elemental deities. From the marriage of Oceanus with his sister Tethys (Water), all the earth's rivers and Oceanid water nymphs were born. Titan Hyperion - (“high-walking”) took his sister Theia (Shine) as his wife. From them were born Helios (Sun), Selena(Moon) and Eos(Dawn). From Eos were born the stars and the four gods of the winds: Boreas(North wind), Note(South wind), Marshmallow(west wind) and Eurus(Eastern wind). The Titans Kay (Heavenly Axis?) and Phoebe gave birth to Leto (Night Silence, mother of Apollo and Artemis) and Asteria (Starlight). Cronus himself married Rhea (Mother Mountain, the personification of the productive power of mountains and forests). Their children are the Olympic gods Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, Zeus.
The Titan Crius married the daughter of Pontus Eurybia, and the Titan Iapetus married the oceanid Clymene, who gave birth to the Titans Atlas (he holds the sky on his shoulders), the arrogant Menoetius, the cunning Prometheus (“thinking first, foreseeing”) and the feeble-minded Epimetheus (“thinking after").
From these titans came others:
Hesperus- god of the evening and the evening star. His daughters from the night-Nyukta are the nymphs Hesperides, who guard on the western edge of the earth a garden with golden apples, once presented by Gaia-Earth to the goddess Hera at her marriage to Zeus
Ory- goddesses of parts of the day, seasons and periods of human life.
Charites- goddess of grace, fun and joy of life. There are three of them - Aglaya (“Rejoicing”), Euphrosyne (“Joy”) and Thalia (“Abundance”). A number of Greek writers have different names for charites. In Ancient Rome they corresponded to grace
Hermes, V Greek mythology messenger of the gods, patron of travelers, guide of the souls of the dead, god of trade, profit, rationality, dexterity, trickery, deception, theft and eloquence, giver of wealth and income in trade, god of athletes. Patron of heralds, ambassadors, shepherds and travelers; patron of magic, alchemy and astrology. He invented measures, numbers, the alphabet and taught it to people.
Family and environment
To make his son Ephalis immortal, Hermes endowed him with limitless memory. As Apollonius of Rhodes wrote: “Even when he crossed the Acheron, the river in the kingdom of the dead, oblivion did not swallow his soul; and although he lives now in the abode of shadows, now in earthly world bathed in sunlight, he always retains the memories of what he saw."
When the gods fled to Egypt, he turned into an ibis.
Name, epithets and character
Hermes Olympian deity of pre-Greek, possibly Asia Minor origin. The name of Hermes is understood as a derivative of the word "herma", which indicates the fetishistic antiquity of this deity. The herma was a stone column (either a pile of stones or a stone pillar) with the carved head of Hermes and highlighted genitals.
At first, herms marked burial places, later they were installed at road intersections and, along with their sacred function, served as road signs. They served as guiding signs, fetishes - guardians of roads, borders, gates (hence the epithet of Hermes "perverted" - "Propylaeus"). Hermes pillars (hermes that looked like pillars with the head of Hermes) became widespread; they stood on the streets, in squares and at the entrance to palaestras.
Hermes performs one of his most ancient functions as a conductor of the souls of the dead in Hades or an assistant on the way to the kingdom of the dead, hence his epithet Psychopomp - “guide of souls.” Hermes is equally present in both worlds - life and death; he is a mediator between one and the other, just as he is a mediator between gods and people. He leads Hera, Athena and Aphrodite to the judgment of Paris.
During the period of late antiquity, the image of Hermes Trismegistus ("thrice greatest") arose in connection with the proximity of Hermes to the other world; The occult sciences and the so-called hermetic (secret, closed, accessible only to initiates) writings were associated with this image.
Sometimes he was depicted with a lamb on his shoulders, as the patron of flocks, hence another epithet Kriofor, that is, “carrying a ram.” Other epithets of Hermes are also known: Agoreus “market”, as the patron of trade; Akaketus (or Akakesius) has one of the meanings of "helper", "merciful" or "invulnerable", perhaps this epithet is associated with the city of Akakesius in Arcadia; Doly "cunning"; Ktharos "profitable"; Tikhon “hits the target”, as bringing good luck; Tricephalus "three-headed", as the patron of crossroads.
Hermes is a joker and a merry fellow who loves practical jokes. He surpasses everyone in cunning, cunning and ingenuity, the cunning and dexterity of Hermes make him the patron of trickery and theft, it is not for nothing that thieves and cheaters considered him their patron.
In Roman mythology it was revered under the name of Mercury. Among the Maeonians, Candaules, the legendary king of Lydia, the last of the Heraclid dynasty, is identified with him.
Cult and symbolism
According to Herodotus, the Athenians were the first of the Hellenes to make an image of him with a tense member, having learned this from the Pelasgians, who had a sacred legend. Originally, Hermes was a phallic deity, depicted by herms. In 415 BC e. the herms were destroyed. During Roman times, they lost connection with the phallic cult of Hermes and began to be made in the form of a rectangular column on which a bust of a person or deity was placed.
The fetishistic rudiments of God are found in such indispensable attributes of Hermes as the “ambrosial” (literally “immortal”) golden winged sandals “talaria” and the golden rod - kerikion or caduceus - the center magical power which he received from Apollo. The caduceus had on itself two snakes (in another version - two ribbons), which entwined the staff at the moment when Hermes decided to test it, placing it between two fighting snakes. God used his rod to put people to sleep or wake them up - in order to convey a message from the gods to one of the mortals. Another attribute of Hermes is the wide-brimmed petas hat.
In medieval book illustrations, Hermes is depicted as a symbol of the planet Mercury (in many European languages, mercury, which played an extremely important role in alchemy until the 17th century, bore the name of this planet).
Hermes was revered as the patron of young athletes; stadiums were built in his honor, which were intended for various athletic competitions, as well as schools where gymnastics was practiced. These schools were decorated with sculptures of Hermes.
Pausanias cites the legend of the Boeotian city of Tanagra, which was saved from the plague by Hermes by carrying a ram on his shoulders around the city walls: “As for the temples of Hermes, one is dedicated to Hermes Kriophoros (the Ram Bearer), the other to Hermes, whom they call Promachos (warrior). Regarding the first name, they say that Hermes averted the pestilence from them by carrying a ram around their walls; therefore, Kalamis created a statue of Hermes carrying a ram on his shoulders. So to this day, at the festival of Hermes, the young man who will recognized as the most beautiful in appearance, walks around the city wall with a lamb on his shoulders."
Hermes was revered at Anthesteria - the festival of the awakening of spring and the memory of the dead. In Rome, merchants celebrated the festival of Mercury on May 15. On this day in 495 BC. The first temple was dedicated to him and the first college of Mercurial merchants was established. The altar to Hermes was also located near the so-called waters of Mercury, where merchants sprinkled their goods to preserve them from spoilage.
Influence on culture and art
The III and XVII hymns of Homer, the XXVIII Orphic hymn are dedicated to him.
Hermes actor the tragedies of Aeschylus "Eumenides" and "Chained Prometheus", the tragedies of Euripides "Antiope" and "Ion", the comedies of Aristophanes "The World" and "Plutos", the play of Astydamas the younger "Hermes".
Numerous ancient statues of Hermes - “Binding the Sandal”, “Hermes Belvedere”, “Hermes Olympus” and others. Among the works of ancient sculpture that have come down to us: “Hermes with the baby Dionysus” by Praxiteles, “Hermes at rest” in a Roman copy; “Hermes Ludovisi”, “Hermes Fariese” are also known. Among the hermas is a Pergamon copy of Alcamenes' work. Among the reliefs are "Hermes and the Charites".
Sometimes Hermes was depicted as the god of eloquence. In the symbolism of the Renaissance and Baroque, Hermes is a guide of souls (relief of the Malatestian temple in Rimini; Raphael’s fresco “Hermes introduces Psyche to Olympus”), messenger of the gods (statue “Mercury Giambologna”), peacemaker (painting by P. P. Rubens “Reconciliation of Marie de Medici with his son") and others. Hermes was often depicted in the company of the Charit-Graces (J. Tintoretto “Mercury and the Three Graces”). In European art of the 15-17th centuries, the plots “Mercury beheads Argos” (Rubens, J. Jordans, Velazquez, Rembrandt, etc.), “The Rape of Admetus’ Herds by Mercury” (Domenichino, C. Lorrain, etc.).
In the art of the 18th - early 19th centuries. the image of Hermes is embodied mainly in plastic (G.R. Donner, J.V. Pigalle, B. Thorvaldsen, etc.)
Hermes in modern times
(69230)Hermes- a near-Earth asteroid from the Apollo group, which is characterized by a highly elongated orbit, due to which, in the process of its movement around the Sun, it crosses the orbits immediately three planets: Venus, Earth and Mars. Discovered by Karl Reinmuth on October 28, 1937.
It is curious that nowadays entrepreneurs very often use the name of Hermes in the names of their trading companies.
God Hermes
Birth of Hermes. Hermes is the son of Zeus and a nymph named Maya. He was born in Arcadia, a region of shepherds who lived a serene, happy life, in a deep grotto on Mount Killen. As soon as he was born, he began his deeds and mischief. On the very first day after his birth, he, taking advantage of the fact that Maya had gone somewhere, climbed out of his cradle and began to examine the surroundings of the cave. Having found the turtle, he killed it, took off the shell and pulled the strings there. This is how the kithara was made. But this one musical instrument Hermes soon got tired of it, and he went for a walk, going further and further from his cave. He walked until he came across a herd of cows that belonged to Apollo, and a daring plan was born in his head - to steal the herd of the golden-eyed god.
Hermes steals Apollo's herd. The plan was carried out, and he drove the cows backwards, so that Apollo could not guess from the tracks where they had gone. He hid the stolen cows in a cave, which he filled with a huge stone, and, having finished his work, returned home, seeped into the room through the keyhole like a light cloud and lay down in the cradle, wrapping himself in diapers, and holding the cithara under his arm. All this did not escape Maya's eyes. “The inventor is cunning! And where do you come home from late at night? Do you really think that I don’t know about your trick? And aren’t you afraid that Apollo will punish you?” - she exclaimed. “Don't scare me, mother! - Hermes calmly answered her - You and I will engage in a very profitable business - cattle breeding. And if Apollo tries to do something to me, I will break through the wall of his temple in Delphi and take away the golden tripods from there, and no one will be able to stop me!” However, such speeches frightened the timid Maya even more.
Bronze statue
Hermes in Greek
performance.
VI century BC.
Apollo admonishes Hermes. In the morning, Apollo discovered that his cows were missing and went to look for them. However, he was unable to find the herd; he only found a cave in which a baby lay in a cradle and seemed to be sleeping peacefully, but in fact he was looking at him from under his lowered eyelids. Realizing that this was something dirty, Apollo turned to him with a menacing speech: “Boy! Hey you, lying in the cradle! Come on, show me where the cows are! Otherwise I will throw you to the threshold of the gloomy Tartarus and you will wander there along with the ethereal shadows of the dead!”
Here Hermes opened his eyes wide and feigned complete surprise. “Son of Leto! On whom do you heap your harsh words? How did you come up with the idea of looking for cows here, the inhabitants of the field? Do I look like a kidnapper? I was only born yesterday, my feet are tender, and the earth is full of sharp stones. How will I go after the cows? If no one had heard, they would not have said that you had lost your mind! But I don’t even know what cows are like, I’ve only heard their name!” However, these excuses did not help. Apollo grabbed Hermes and dragged him to Zeus for trial. The ruler of the gods laughed at his son’s trick, but strictly ordered: return the cows!
Exchange. Hermes wandered sadly to the cave where the cows were locked, showing the way to it to Apollo. This is the place. Apollo rolled away the stone and began to drive the herd outside, but suddenly he froze - beautiful music was heard from the street. Enchanted by its sounds, forgetting about his cows, he rushed out of the cave and saw that it was Hermes playing the cithara. Apollo asked to give him a cithara, but Hermes refused. The bright god begged him for a long time, and finally they agreed to exchange: Apollo gave Hermes the cows, and he gave him the cithara. Thus ended the enmity and animosity between the two brothers, and they never quarreled again. Hermes was accepted into Olympus and given his place in the family of gods.
Tricks of Hermes. Among the entire population of Olympus, Hermes stood out for his agility. No one can surpass him in various tricks and tricks. Once, as a joke, he stole from Zeus his scepter - a sign of power, from Poseidon - a trident, from Apollo - golden arrows and a bow, from Ares - a sword. Hermes serves as the messenger of the gods on Olympus; Zeus constantly sends him to people on various errands - and faster than the wind, he rushes through the air in his winged sandals, holding in his hands a staff - the caduceus, with the help of which he can put people to sleep and, without danger to himself, descend into the gloomy Hades and return back. Hermes guards the roads, and everywhere in Greece, at the entrances of houses, at crossroads, and even just by the roads, there were his stone images - herms.
Hermes is the patron.
Hermes helps travelers during their lifetime, and he also leads the shadows of the dead on their final journey - to the dark kingdom of Hades. In this case, he is called Hermes Psychopomp (“Guide of Souls”). Many saw Hermes as their patron: he helped merchants accumulate wealth, gave eloquence to orators, made the first cithara for musicians, and gave all people the alphabet and writing, measures and numbers. Messengers and heralds saw their defender and patron in Hermes; athletes believed that it gave them strength and agility. Even more surprising is that Hermes helped deceivers pass off lies as truth, and thieves successfully fed on their dangerous and unloved craft. Deceivers and thieves also considered Hermes their patron.
Time passed. People became more and more knowledgeable; among them there were those that were accessible only to those initiated into their secret. Hermes Trismegistus (“Thrice Greatest”) was considered the god of this secret knowledge. He, as the Greeks believed, invented astrology, which made it possible to guess fate from the stars, and alchemy, the science of how to obtain gold from other metals.
Read also other topics Chapter I “Space, World, Gods” of the section “Gods and Heroes of the Ancient Greeks”.
Hermes (Hermius, Ermius), Greek, Lat. Mercury is the son of Zeus and the galaxy of Maya; messenger of the gods and guide of the souls of the dead to Hades, god of merchants, speakers, inventors, pilgrims and travelers, athletes, swindlers and thieves.
Hermes was the most dexterous, inventive and cunning of all the gods, which he proved on the very first day of his life. In the morning he was born (in a cave under Mount Killena in Arcadia), soon escaped from his cradle, in the afternoon he invented the lyre and learned to play it, then stole fifty cows from Apollo (and dragged them into the cave by their tails so that the tracks went in the opposite direction) , and in the evening, returning as if nothing had happened, he wrapped himself in diapers and fell asleep with the most innocent look. When Apollo appeared to punish him, Hermes made excuses so cleverly and lied so shamelessly (he also learned to speak and lie in one day) that Apollo could not stand it and dragged him straight to Zeus. The tricks of the youngest son led supreme god to delight, but for the sake of order, he ordered the stolen cows to be returned. Instead of answering, Hermes took out a lyre and began to play so skillfully and beautifully that the delighted Apollo offered to leave him the stolen cows in exchange for the lyre. Hermes agreed, and Apollo, to celebrate, gave him a golden rod and good advice: to go to Parnassus, to the priestesses there, so that they could teach him the art of fortune telling. Following this advice, Hermes received full training for his future duties on Olympus.
However, Hermes did not get to Olympus immediately and not without difficulty. His mother, being a goddess of low rank, considered the society of the Olympian gods too refined and preferred to leave her son with her, on earth. Hermes guarded the flocks of Arcadian shepherds, and in order not to get bored, he invented all sorts of things. Instead of the lyre, which he had, Hermes came up with a shepherd's pipe; Not wanting to bother himself with starting a fire the old fashioned way, he invented the flint. Later he also invented numbers, measures and the alphabet. In the end, earthly life Hermes got bored, and he began to ask his mother for time off to go to Olympus. When his mother doubted whether the gods would accept him into their company, Hermes declared that in this case he would gather a gang of robbers and become their leader. This argument seemed very convincing to Maya, and she let her son go.
Contrary to expectations, the gods gave him a warm welcome, since they had already heard about many of his tricks. Zeus immediately entrusted Hermes with a responsible post: he appointed him as his personal messenger. True, the goddess of the rainbow Iris performed the same functions, but Hermes quickly surpassed her: if Iris only conveyed the commands of Zeus, then Hermes carried them out. He soon expanded his clientele and became not only a messenger, but also an advisor to the other gods. However, most of all he worked for Zeus, who entrusted him with especially delicate and complex matters. Hermes carried out all the instructions successfully and on time (see, for example, the articles “” and “Io”). Hermes rescued Ares from the copper barrel in which the Aloads hid him. Many heroes were grateful to Hermes for his help, including Perseus, Hercules, Orpheus, and Odysseus. By order of Zeus, he resurrected young Pelops, who was killed by his father, Tantalus.
Just like the gods and heroes, Hermes also provided assistance to mere mortals who turned to him. He protected the flocks of simple shepherds, accompanied travelers, gave strength and agility to athletes, speed of legs to runners, helped merchants make a profit - in general, any hard worker could receive support from him. Hermes did not refuse help even to swindlers and thieves, but only on the condition that they acted wisely. Fools and lazy people had nothing to expect from Hermes, so they were the only ones who complained about him.
Due to many affairs and assignments, Hermes did not have enough time to get married. However, this does not mean that he did not leave behind descendants. The beautiful Polymela gave him a son, Eudor, who was one of the leaders in the Trojan War. The nymph Themis (or Carmenta) gave birth to his son Evander, the fruit of the love of Hermes and the goddess Aphrodite was Hermaphrodite. Some authors claim that his sons were Silenus, Satyr and Pan. Of his other sons, Daphnis is also known. Odysseus and Sisyphus considered Hermes their ancestor.
The Greeks have worshiped Hermes since ancient times; This is evidenced at least by the monuments of Linear B dating back to the 13th-14th centuries. BC e. and found at Knossos. Around the 3rd century. BC e. his cult was adopted by the Romans and identified with their god of trade and profit, Mercury. Initially, he was the patron god of herds and, accordingly, the giver of wealth, which stemmed from the breeding of livestock. With the development of the market economy, Hermes became the god of trade, and since trade is associated with travel, and sometimes also with fraud, he also became the god of travelers and scammers. The thieves respected him for his thievish talent, shown on the first day after birth (Hermes demonstrated it in the future - for example, he jokingly stole a scepter from Zeus, a trident from Poseidon, and a sword from Ares). Messengers, heralds and ambassadors saw their patron and protector in Hermes, as well as, oddly enough, doctors, since he knew how to heal and knew a lot about medicinal herbs, and athletes, for whom this “swift-footed god” was a model of dexterity and agility.
The functions and adventures of Hermes are known to us from many literary monuments, starting with the Iliad and the Odyssey; The longest of Homer's hymns is also dedicated to him. He was the central figure in Sophocles's comic play The Bloodhounds (about half of the text survives). The Greeks imagined Hermes in two forms: as ancient god To the shepherds, he looked like a bearded old man, like a messenger of the gods - a slender young man with a caduceus scepter and wings on his legs and helmet. Statues of Hermes were placed, in particular, at crossroads (herms - tetrahedral pillars with the image of his head and with inscriptions telling where the road leads), they were often decorated with medical institutions and almost always with sports facilities.
Of the ancient images of Hermes today, undoubtedly, the marble original of the statue of Praxiteles “Hermes with the Child Dionysus” (c. 340 BC), discovered in 1877 by German archaeologists in Olympia, takes first place. Many Roman copies of the Greek originals by Lysippos and Praxiteles' students have survived. On numerous vases, Hermes is mainly depicted as the guide of the souls of the dead to the afterlife.
Since the Renaissance, Hermes has been one of the most frequently depicted ancient gods, so it is almost impossible to list even the best statues of him; Let's just name a few authors: Sansovino, Giambologna, De Vries, J.B. Pigalle. Among the European artists who depicted Hermes were Correggio, Tintoretto, Rubens and others.
In the last century, Hermes with his attributes (especially the winged hat) adorned almost every bank, insurance office, chamber of commerce, etc. - there is no need to talk about masterpieces of art here. He had better luck with poets and composers. Vrchlicki dedicated his poems “Flying Mercury” (1899) and “Hermes” (1891) to him, Haydn - one of his symphonies, Vranitsky - an opera. Since ancient times, the name Hermes has been borne by the planet closest to the Sun (the Latin form is used: Mercury).
In the photo: fashionable Hermes Birkin bag