Fundamentals of Orthodox culture. Presentation - icon in Orthodox culture Fundamentals of Orthodox culture lesson 2 presentation

Presentation on the basics of Orthodox Culture on the topic: “Christianity”. Prepared by Additional Education Teacher, Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School 44 Mineeva E. E. Municipal Educational Institution Secondary Educational School 44 Municipal Formation Seversky District

The history of the emergence of Christianity. Christianity (from the Greek Χριστός “anointed one”, “messiah”) is a monotheistic religion. is one of the three world religions. Christianity originated in the East of the Roman Empire (the territory of modern Israel) in the 1st century AD. The founder is considered to be Jesus Christ. Currently, Christianity is one of the most widespread religions in the world - it is professed by more than a quarter of humanity. Christianity ranks first in the world in terms of geographical distribution, i.e. Almost every country in the world has at least one Christian community.

The emergence of Christianity. Christianity began in the 1st century in the Judean lands in the context of the messianic movements of Judaism. Already in the time of Nero, Christianity was known in many provinces of the Roman Empire. The roots of Christian doctrine are connected with Judaism and the teachings of the Old Testament (in Judaism - the Tanakh). According to the gospels and church tradition, Jesus (Yeshua) was raised as a Jew, observed the Torah, attended the synagogue on Saturday, and observed holidays. The apostles and other early followers of Jesus were Jews. But just a few years after the founding of the church, Christianity began to be preached among other nations.

Christianity is Truth, wisdom, worldview, human life and activity based on love of humanity, a systematic and comprehensive view of life and the world, and consistent with human nature, society and, in general, all of nature. (“Systemic and complex” in relation to human behavior means that it includes everything and everyone; the present time, the future, and also the afterlife). Christianity gives a person real guidance for life: who to be, how to behave, what to do, how to say and even think in order for life to be successful and fruitful. This guidance has been proven over the centuries, is correct for our time, was correct in the past and will be correct in the future. What is most important is that this is a teaching from the Lord Himself.

Catholicism or Catholicism (from the Greek καθολικός universal; for the first time in relation to the church the term “η Καθολικη Εκκλησία” was used around 110 in the letter of St. Ignatius to the inhabitants of Smyrna and enshrined in the Nicene Creed) the largest in terms of the number of parishioners (more 1 billion) branch Christianity was formed in the 1st millennium on the territory of the Western Roman Empire. The final break with Eastern Orthodoxy occurred in 1054.

Orthodoxy (calque from the Greek ρθοδοξία literally “correct judgment” or “correct teaching”) is a religious term that can be used in 4 similar, but distinctly different meanings: 1. Historically, as well as in theological literature, sometimes in the expression “Orthodoxy Jesus Christ,” denotes a teaching approved by the universal Church in contrast to heresy. The term came into use at the end of IV and in doctrinal documents was often used as a synonym for the term “catholic” (Greek: καθολικός). 2. In modern wide usage, it denotes a direction in Christianity that took shape in the east of the Roman Empire during the first millennium AD. e. under the leadership and with the leading role of the department of the Bishop of Constantinople of New Rome, which professes the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed and recognizes the decrees of the 7 Ecumenical Councils. 3. The set of teachings and spiritual practices that the Orthodox Church contains. The latter is understood as a community of autocephalous local Churches that have Eucharistic communion with each other (Latin: Communicatio in sacris). 4. In modern Russian vernacular it is used in relation to something related to the ethnocultural tradition associated with the Russian Orthodox Church.

Protestantism (from the Latin protestans, gen. protestantis publicly proving) is one of the three, along with Catholicism and Orthodoxy, main directions of Christianity, which is a collection of numerous and independent Churches and denominations, associated by their origin with the Reformation by the broad anti-Catholic movement of the 16th century in Europe. Protestantism is characterized by extreme diversity in external forms and practices from church to church and from denomination to denomination. For this reason, Protestantism as such can only be described in general terms.

Christianity teaches a way of life that brings out the best sides of man and society. Thus, he reaches the pinnacle of his spiritual, mental and physical development. Christianity is a complete and complete philosophical system. It is not far-fetched, but this is the Truth about man, society, the world and about the Lord God Himself. We can say that Christian teaching is “natural” for a person. One Father of the Church said that “The soul is by nature Christian.” Deviation from Christian principles in life leads to internal and external contradictions and ultimately leads a person and society into a state of crisis, impasse and collapse. Even negative groups - say, gangs of robbers - can work together only if they adhere to at least some Christian truths - let's say they must have some kind of mutual assistance and friendship. If this is not the case, then their gang falls apart. The word “religion” does not suit Christianity, since this equates it with other religions, including the religion of cannibals. This is rather not a religion, but the truth about a person, society, life, about how to live, what to strive for and what is important in life and what is not. Therefore, Christianity calls on a person to coordinate his behavior with Christian teaching. Jesus Christ said this at the end of the Sermon on the Mount in the parable of the “Prudent Steward”

Open lesson on the course “Fundamentals of Orthodox culture” for 8th grade

Performed by a teacher of the fundamentals of Orthodox culture

MKOU "Gorshechenskaya Secondary School No. 2"

Nesterov Alexander Ivanovich

Lesson topic: “The importance of the Orthodox Church in the construction of the Russian family. "Domostroy""

The purpose of the lesson: develop the spiritual and moral education of students by introducing them to the values ​​of Orthodox culture.

Lesson plan: - Family as the most important social institution; - Domostroy - as an image of a Christian family; - the spiritual basis for creating a family.

“The family is the very environment in which a person learns and does good himself.”

V.A. Sukhomlinsky

The family is the first and main social institution for the formation of value orientations. It is a group of people based on blood or marriage. Family members are connected by mutual assistance, commonality of life and legal as well as moral responsibility.

The modern family is a cell of a social organism, living with it in the same rhythm, reflecting, like a drop of water, both big ideas and big common goals.

A family team, where a child is introduced into the world of maturity and wisdom of elders, is such a basis for children's thinking that no one can replace at this age.

The Lord says: “And the husband will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife.”

THE BASIS OF FAMILY and CHRISTIANITY IS LOVE!

which the Lord lays as the basis for human existence: “This is My commandment, that you love one another, as I have loved you. Greater love has no one than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends.”

Object of spiritual and moral education

Heart- the main source of spiritual life, the center of the emotional and motivational sphere, on the location of which the entire structure of feelings, thoughts, desires and actions of the individual depends.

This happens thanks to the highest ability of the heart - ability to love.

The ideal of the Christian family, which is affirmed by the Orthodox Church:

FAMILY - “small Church”

that is, just as a person is the “image and likeness of God,” the family is a “small Church.” And just as the Church is not just a union of people who believe in Christ, but at the head of the Church is the Lord Jesus Christ himself, and therefore the Church does something not with its own power, but with the power of the Lord, in the same way a Christian family lives not only by the love of family members to each other, but with the great love and grace of Jesus Christ for the family, because Jesus Christ Himself invisibly stands at the head of the Christian family.

"Domostroy"

Domostroy (the full name is the Book called “Domostroy”) is a monument of Russian literature of the 16th century, which is a collection of rules, advice and instructions on all areas of human and family life, including social, family, economic and religious issues.

“Domostroy” consists of 68 chapters, grouped into the following main areas:

About the spiritual structure (How to believe)

About the structure of the world (How to honor the king)

On family organization (How to live with wives and children and household members)

On the management of a family farm (On the structure of a household)

Culinary group

Message and punishment from father to son

Caring for others

Domostroy, following the Gospel Commandments, teaches us to care for our neighbors, and above all for our family.

Let's look at some chapters from Domostroi in more detail.

About Thrift

Domostroy, following the Gospel Commandments, the Holy Fathers teach us all frugality. We should not spoil and throw away what is good and useful. All good things were given to us from the Heavenly Father for a good deed, and we should preserve them in every possible way:

Everything would be was tidied up small in bags, and the remains are folded and tied and everything is sorted to size and hidden.

ABOUT washing dishes, pots and boilers after any food, and burning, - everyone is collecting cattle, the cattle are well-fed.

Teaches us to care for our neighbors, and above all for our family.

About Cunning and Cunning

Live, child, according to the Christian law in all matters, without guile and without any cunning in everything, but do not believe in every spirit, imitate the good, do not welcome the wicked and those who break the law in all matters.

The woman in Domostroy is the mistress of the house, and she occupies her special place in the hierarchy of family relationships.

Only together the husband and wife constitute a “home.” Without a wife, a man was not a socially full member of society. Therefore, Domostroy demanded ideal qualities from a woman. A woman was required to be clean and obedient, to be able to please her husband, to arrange a house well, to maintain order at home, to look after the servants, to know all kinds of handicrafts, to have the fear of God and to maintain bodily purity.

PHYSICAL MINUTE

We are tired, we have stayed too long,

We wanted to warm up.

We put aside our notebooks

We started charging

(One hand up, the other down, change hands jerkily)

Then they looked at the wall,

Then they looked out the window.

Right, left, turn,

And then vice versa

(Turns the body)

Let's start squats

We bend our legs completely.

Up and down, up and down,

Don't rush to squat!

(Squats)

And they sat down for the last time, And now they sat down at their desks.

(Children take their seats)

Good

Love

"small Church"

"Domostroy"

Good

The Foundation of Christianity and Family

"small Church"

"Domostroy"

Good

The Foundation of Christianity and Family

"Domostroy"

Good

The Foundation of Christianity and Family

the ideal of a Christian family, which is affirmed by the Russian Orthodox Church

The environment in which a person builds a family

The Foundation of Christianity and Family

the ideal of a Christian family, which is affirmed by the Russian Orthodox Church

Book, collection of rules, advice and instructions

Don't stand aside indifferently

When someone is in trouble.

Need to rush to the rescue

Any minute, always.

And if it helps anyone

Your kindness, your smile,

Are you happy that the day was not lived in vain?

That you have not lived for years in vain!

• 1. The main meaning and goal of family life is raising children. The main school of raising children is the relationship between husband and wife, father and mother.
• V.A. Sukhomlinsky
• 2. One father means more than a hundred teachers.
• D. Herbert
• 3. You don’t need another example when your father’s example is in your eyes.
• A.S. Griboyedov
• 4. A child is a mirror of the family; Just as the sun is reflected in a drop of water, so the moral purity of the mother and father is reflected in the children.
• V.A. Sukhomlinsky
• 5. Family is the primary environment where a person must learn to do good.
• V.A. Sukhomlinsky
• 6. Mother, remember: - you are the main educator, the main teacher.
• V.A. Sukhomlinsky

• 1. Teach your wife without children, and your children without people.
• 2. Father didn’t teach, someone else’s uncle won’t teach.
• 3. He who is unattended from the cradle is out of work all his life.
• 4. What you raise in childhood is what you will rely on in old age.
• 5. He who has a younger brother has rest, and he who has an older brother has happiness.
• 6. A tree is held together by its roots, and a person is held together by its relatives.
• 7. If you honor your father and mother, you will receive honor from your son.
• 8. Family is the key to happiness.
• 9. A child with his father is like a house under a roof.
• 10. A child’s vices come from his relatives.
• 11. A good upbringing is the best inheritance.
• 12. A son imitates his father, a daughter imitates her mother.
• 13. If you love a child, share your grief with him.

• Know that trust is the basic rule.
• Always tell your children the truth.
• Respect your child as an individual who has the right to his or her point of view.
• Consult with your child.
• Don't deceive your child.
• Learn to correctly evaluate your actions and the actions of your children.
• Do not achieve complete obedience from the first word, give the child the opportunity to see what he is right or wrong about.
• Read books aloud to your child regularly.
• Do not discuss your child's behavior with other people as if he is not there.
• Know your child's friends and invite them into the house.
• In the evening, discuss with the whole family how your day went.

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Slide captions:

According to the teachings of the Orthodox Church, the world and man are created, created by God. Telling about God's creation of the world and man! Bible.

Old Testament Testament - “agreement”, “union”. New Testament

The Bible is called the Book of books, the word of God, the inspired book. Because, according to the teachings of the Church, it was written by people at the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. The Bible is the Holy Scripture of Christians.

According to the Bible, God is the Creator of everything that surrounds us. Among all God's creations, man turns out to be a special being.

World creation. In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. The earth was formless and empty, and darkness was over the abyss, and the Spirit of God hovered over the waters. And God said: Let there be light. And there was light. And God saw the light that it was good, and God separated the light from the darkness. And God called the light day and the darkness night. And there was evening and there was morning: one day. And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it separate water from water. And so it became. And God created the firmament. And God called the firmament heaven. And God saw that it was good. And there was evening and there was morning: the second day.

9. And God said: Let the waters that are under the sky be gathered into one place, and let the dry land appear. And so it became. 10. And God called the dry land earth, and the gathering of waters he called seas. And God saw that it was good. 11. And God said, “Let the earth bring forth grass, grass yielding seed, and a fruitful tree, bearing fruit according to its kind, in which is its seed on the earth.” And so it became. 12. And the earth brought forth grass, grass yielding seed according to its kind, and tree yielding fruit, in which is its seed according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 13. And there was evening, and there was morning: the third day.

24. And God said, Let the earth produce living creatures according to their kinds, cattle and creeping things and wild beasts of the earth after their kinds. And so it became. 25. And God created the beasts of the earth according to their kinds, and the cattle according to their kinds, and every creeping thing that creeps on the earth according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good.

And God said, Let us make man in our image, according to our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth. 27. And God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him: male and female He created them.

And God saw everything that he had created, and behold, it was very good. And there was evening and there was morning: the sixth day. (Genesis. The first book of Moses).

NEW WORDS AND CONCEPTS: Creator. Bible. Holy Spirit. TEST YOURSELF: The Bible is “books” in Greek, the Holy Scriptures of Christians. Man has the image of God - an immortal soul, reason, free will. 1. What does biblical teaching say about the origin of the world? 2. Why is man considered the crown of creation? 3. What do you know about the Bible?

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Text content of presentation slides: The desert fathers and the immaculate wives, In order to fly with the heart into the region in absentia, In order to strengthen it in the midst of the valley storms and battles, They composed many divine prayers. But not one of them touches me, Like the one that the priest repeats on the sad days of Lent; it comes to my lips and strengthens the fallen with an unknown force: Lord of my days! the spirit of sad idleness, Lust of authority, this hidden serpent, And do not give idle talk to my soul. But let me, O God, see my sins, May my brother not accept condemnation from me, And revive the spirit of humility, patience, love and chastity in my heart. A. S. Pushkin (1799-1837) Jesus Christ did not develop religious and philosophical theories, did not create teachings and did not leave any records behind Him. Everything we know about the Savior was written down and transmitted by eyewitnesses. His life itself, death on the cross and resurrection were the fulfillment of the Divine Will and service to people. Through both sermons and deeds, He brought the Good News of the Kingdom of Heaven, which is “not of this world,” but concerns the spiritual, inner structure of man. Christ was not just a preacher, but a model of a different existence: the Divine in the human, the existence of man in effective love to one's neighbor and in serving him. Christ did not acquire anything for Himself and had nothing, His whole life was given to people: He healed illnesses and infirmities, raised the dead, consoled, instructed, accepted suffering and death for human sins - and was resurrected. This is His mission and His teaching. Christ is Love. Living in Love is the path commanded by the Savior of the world. This is the Truth, for Love has Divine origin and is the source of life, both earthly and eternal. “I am the way and the truth and the Life” (John 14:6) Who does the Savior teach to love and how, by what Love can the world be saved? This is stated in the Gospel (Matthew 22:37 - 40) “Jesus said to him: You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind: this is the first and greatest commandment; the second is similar to it: love your neighbor as yourself; On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets.” This is the essence of salvation given to people: through repentance, the acquisition of love for God and neighbor - the acquisition of immortality, that is, eternal life. The fate of all humanity also depends on love for each other: no matter how strict the laws and agreements adopted and concluded by people, they protect very little from deception and violence if there is no place for sincere love and compassion in human hearts. Only love, compassion and respect for each other can become salvation from evil, lies and violence. To truly fulfill both moral and legal laws, love for the Almighty and the people around you is necessary. People who do not have such love are not able to get along with the social laws of human society. “Do not think that I came to destroy the law or the prophets: I did not come to destroy, but to fulfill” (Matthew 5:17) If you follow Christian teaching, you can draw the following conclusion (based on Christian doctrine) The All-Good Lord respects the free will of everyone and cannot abide in an unclean heart. Therefore, Divine Love does not enter against the will of a person and into an unrepentant soul. In every tree is the crucified Lord, in every ear is the body of Christ, and the most pure word of prayer Heals the aching flesh. A.A. Akhmatova 1946

Attached files

Slide 1

Icon in Orthodox culture
Presentation on the subject “Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture” Compiled by: T.O. Yeritsyan N.A. Geghamyan T.B. Rogova S.I. Stepanyan M.I. Bagdasaryan L.N. Kukota

Slide 2

Dear to me, in front of the icon in a bright golden robe, This ardent wax, kindled by someone unknown by whose hand. I know - the candle is burning, the clergy solemnly sings: Someone’s grief subsides, Someone’s tears are quietly shedding, This is a bright moment In the wild darkness and wilderness, The memory of tears and tenderness Into the eternity of a soul that looked... A. Maikov

Slide 3

An icon is an amazing, completely unique phenomenon in world human culture. We can find various images of Christ, the Mother of God and saints in both Catholic and Protestant churches, but there are no icons in the sense that they acquired in Orthodox culture anywhere else. An icon is one of the main symbols of Orthodox art.

Slide 4

The icon is an integral part of the Orthodox tradition. It has been a custom in Rus' for a long time: when a person was born or died, got married or started some important business, he was accompanied by an iconographic image. The entire history of Russia passes under the sign of the icon; many miraculous and famous icons were witnesses and participants in the most important historical changes in the fate of the country.

Slide 5

The word "icon" is of Greek origin and literally means "image." Therefore, in Rus', icons were often called images. An icon is a written prayer in Orthodoxy. Its content is not historical eras and not the richness of human spiritual life, but the unity of man with God.

Slide 6

It is impossible to imagine an Orthodox church without Orthodox icons. A row of icons that fences off (connects) the altar from the central part of the temple is an iconostasis. In the center of the iconostasis there are doors called the Royal Doors (gates). To the right of the Royal Doors is always the icon of Christ. On the left is always the icon of Mary, the Mother of God...

Slide 7

The icon helps the believer in prayer and is, as it were, a “window” into the spiritual world, a “conductor” to God. Thanks to the icon and prayer, an Orthodox person can turn to Him and unite spiritually with Him. Therefore, believers treat icons with care, venerate them, thereby expressing their feelings for God, for the Mother of God, for holy people, who, according to the teachings of the Church, are all alive in the spiritual world; you can communicate with them by turning to them in prayer.

Slide 8

Any unworthy treatment of an icon was considered sacrilege (an insult to a religious shrine). Anyone entering a house, first of all, bowed to the icons, and then greeted the owners. Since ancient times, almost every large city or monastery had its own, especially revered, miraculous icon of the Most Holy Theotokos, which it considered to be its glory and affirmation.

Slide 9

The picturesque icon is noticeably different from the painting. This is because the task of the icon is to show the innermost world of the soul of a holy person (including the God-man Christ). An icon is not an ordinary painting. The famous historian and art critic Nikolai Mikhailovich Tarabukin wrote in one of his books: “The meaning of the icon is mysterious... the meaning of the icon is miracle-working.”
last supper
Painting by Leonardo da Vinci
Icon

Slide 10

Portrait and icon of the remarkable Russian naval commander, Admiral Fyodor Fedorovich Ushakov.

Slide 11

The icon, unlike the painting, has no background or horizon. When you look at a bright source of light (the sun or a spotlight), you lose the sense of space and depth. The icon shines into our eyes, and in this light every earthly distance becomes invisible.

Slide 12

Light is the main thing in the icon. In the Gospel, Light is one of the names of God and one of His manifestations. Icon painters call the golden background of the icon “light.” This is a symbol of endless divine Light.

Slide 13

The saint's head is surrounded by a golden circle. The saint, as it were, is filled with light and, having been imbued with it, radiates it. This is a halo (halo) - a sign of God's grace, which permeated the life and thought of the saint and inspired his love. This halo often extends beyond the edges of the icon space. This is not because the artist made a mistake and did not calculate the size of his drawing. This means that the light of the icon flows into our world.
archangel Michael

Slide 14

One of the difficulties in the development of Christian painting was that it was necessary to answer a difficult question: how can icons be painted at all, if the Bible itself emphasizes that God is invisible.

Slide 15

The icon became possible because after the Old Testament came the New Testament. The Gospel says that God, who remained invisible in Old Testament times, then Himself was born as a man. The apostles saw Christ with their own eyes. And what is visible can be depicted.

Slide 16

An icon painter could only be a person who had a special gift from God. All his life he had to carry out the constant feat of prayer and strive for moral perfection. Icon painters in Ancient Rus' were almost exclusively monks.

Slide 17

The first icon painter was the Evangelist Luke, and the first Russian icon painter was Alimpiy of Pechersk. The icons of famous icon painters Andrei Rublev, Theophan the Greek, Dionysius, Simon Ushakov and thousands of nameless masters are included in the treasury of world spiritual art, but, above all, are the property of the Russian people.

Slide 18

Icon painters depict on the icons the Most Holy Trinity, Jesus Christ, the Mother of God, angels, saints who deserved veneration for their righteous lives even after death, as well as events from the Old Testament and New Testament Sacred History, which are celebrated by the Orthodox Church as holidays. The most common and famous are the icons of Jesus Christ and the Virgin Mary.

Slide 19

“The Trinity” by St. Andrei Rublev (c. 1414) is recognized as the pinnacle of Russian icon painting and is one of the most famous masterpieces of world Christian art.

Slide 20

Icon of St. Sergius of Radonezh
Icon of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker

Slide 21

Icon of St. Alexander Nevsky
Icon of the Blessed Matrona of Moscow

Slide 22

The first icon of Jesus Christ has a miraculous, supernatural origin. According to legend, it appeared during the life of Jesus Christ. This is “Savior Not Made by Hands” (or “Savior on the Ubrus”) (Ubrus is a piece of canvas on which, as ancient church tradition says, the Image (Face) of Jesus Christ was imprinted).
The Icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands (VI century) from the Church of San Silvestro in Capite in the Vatican is considered one of the closest copies of the legendary “original” Image of Christ Not Made by Hands

Slide 23

Slide 24

Above the entrance to the northern gallery of the Annunciation Cathedral of the Kremlin there is an image of the “Savior Not Made by Hands” - a fresco presumably created by Simon Ushakov in 1661.

Slide 25

Based on this first image of the Lord Jesus Christ, the iconography of Jesus Christ adopted in the Church subsequently developed. The first images of Christ that have reached us date back to the second century after the Nativity of Christ.

Slide 26

A special place in the soul of an Orthodox Christian is occupied by the Mother of God - our Intercessor, Patroness and Comforter, who chose Orthodox Rus' as Her chosen destiny.
Icon of the Mother of God Tenderness

Slide 27

From the very first centuries of the adoption of Christianity, the Russian people were imbued with deep love and veneration of the Mother of God. One of the first churches, built in Kyiv under Prince Vladimir, was dedicated to the Mother of God. In the 12th century, a new holiday was introduced into the Russian church calendar - the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary. This holiday testified that the Orthodox believe in the protection of the Mother of God on the Russian land.