Black buoy on the river. Coastal navigation signs
The predominant type of floating navigational signs on inland waterways are currently buoys.
Buoy It is a metal float of a conical or rectangular shape, equipped with a signal light and an anchor device.
The buoy signal light is powered by electric batteries located in a special case inside the surface of the hull. The buoy is held in place by a mooring device consisting of an anchor and an anchor chain.
Buoy is the main floating sign on small rivers.
The buoy consists of a raft with a triangular, round or rectangular superstructure attached to it. The buoy raft and its superstructure are made of wood. The triangular superstructure is a three-sided pyramid. At the top of the pyramid there is a pin to strengthen the signal lantern. Pyramid-shaped buoys are used for fencing, as a rule, the left edge of the ship's passage. The round superstructure consists of two round board panels - sheets, attached crosswise to a vertical bar. Buoys of spherical and rectangular shape are installed only along the right edge of the ship's passage. The rectangular-shaped buoy superstructure is made of two round rims, on which board cladding is stuffed. In general, this design is a cylinder that is mounted on a raft.
Milestones installed together with buoys or buoys as control or additional signs, as well as independently for fencing the edges of the navigation channel in an area with unlit floating navigation equipment. Milestones can be lake or river. The lake milestone is a pole up to 10 m long with a float (spirtbacken) and a top (distinctive) figure on top. To install poles, anchors and anchor chains or metal cables are used. A river pole is a pole 3–8 m long, attached with a cable to an anchor weight. Floating navigational signs have their own distinctive features in terms of coloring and the nature of the signal light, depending on their purpose and placement system.
There are two systems for placing floating navigational signs.
Lateral system– a system for placing floating navigational signs, in which the sides or axis of the navigation channel are indicated.
Cardinal system– a system for arranging floating navigational signs, in which navigational hazards are protected, relative to the cardinal directions according to the compass. This system is used on seas and large lakes.
Signs of the lateral placement system
According to its purpose floating signs, used in the lateral placement system, are divided into edge, rotary, danger signs (standing on the danger), dump, dividing, axial, rotary-axial.
Edge sign serves to mark the edges of the ship's passage. The left edge of the shipping channel is fenced with buoys or buoys of a triangular silhouette in white or black (black color of signs is recommended for use on lakes and reservoirs), as well as white milestones. The milestones of the left edge of the top figure do not have. The signal light of buoys and buoys on the left edge of the navigation channel is white constant or white flashing. As additional options, in places where extraneous lights accumulate, a green constant or green flashing light can be used. When the vessel moves downstream, these signs are left on the left, when moving upstream, on the right. The right edge of the shipping channel is fenced with floating signs of a round, rectangular or linear silhouette of red color, as well as red milestones with a black top ball figure. When the vessel is moving downwards, these marks are left on the right, when moving up - on the left.
Turn sign denotes a turn in straight sections of a shipping channel that has a significant length, as well as a sharp turn in a shipping channel in sections of a waterway with limited visibility or a rocky bottom. The turning sign of the left edge shows the turn of the ship's course to the left relative to the current. It is a buoy or buoy of a triangular silhouette, painted in White color with a black horizontal stripe in the middle or black with a white horizontal stripe in the middle. Signal light – green or white, frequently flashing. When passing this sign, the vessel must turn left, leaving the sign to the left bank. The turn of the right edge of the shipping channel relative to the current is indicated by a linear or rectangular red buoy with a black horizontal stripe in the middle or red with a white horizontal stripe in the middle. The signal light is red, rapidly flashing. When passing this sign, you should turn right, leaving the sign to the right bank.
Danger sign
indicates particularly dangerous places and underwater obstacles at the edges of the shipping channel (submerged structures, dam heads, sunken ships, etc.). This sign is placed directly next to the fenced hazard on the river side.
Where these signs are located, boatmasters must take special precautions when navigating vessels and convoys, avoiding excessive proximity to the sign. The left edge danger sign is a buoy or buoy of a triangular silhouette, painted white with one black horizontal stripe in the middle and three to four black vertical stripes. When horizontal and vertical stripes intersect, they form a cross. The signal light is green, double flashing. A red rectangular silhouette buoy with black or white vertical and horizontal stripes, forming a cross when crossing, is used as a right edge danger sign. At night, the sign is illuminated with a double-flash red light.
dump sign indicates places where the direction of the current does not coincide with the direction of the navigation. It is installed on the edge of the ship's passage opposite the dump. The left side sledge mark is a buoy or buoy with a triangular silhouette. The upper half of the sign is painted white, the lower half – black. Signal light - red group, frequently flashing. Dumping floating signs can be installed in combination with edge markers.
Dividing mark denotes places of division (branching) of the ship's passage. The sign is a buoy of a triangular silhouette, painted with three black, three white and three red alternating wind stripes, equal to each other. The state standard allows instead the indicated sign install two edge signs side by side (paired signs) - the left and right edges of the navigation channel. The signal light of a dividing sign (with one sign) is white and red or flashing green and red. At the same time, the flashes of lights alternate with each other. The paired dividing sign has white and red or green and red constant lights.
Axial marks installed along the axis of the navigation channel, dividing it into two navigation lanes: for ships coming from above, and for ships coming from below. Orientation by axial signs is carried out according to the principle: “follow from sign to sign, leaving it on the left.” To indicate the axis of the navigation channel, axial buoys and milestones are used, and to indicate the turn of the navigation channel, rotary-axial buoys and milestones are used. In addition, winter (ice) buoys - cigars - can be installed as backup signs. The axial buoy has a triangular or linear silhouette of the superstructure, painted with two black and three white, equal in width, horizontal alternating stripes. The signal light is white, double flashing. The axial pole is painted with two black and three white horizontal stripes. At the top of the milestone a round (spherical) black top figure is installed. Ice buoy - cigar has the same color as the axial buoy.
Rotary-axial buoy has the same shape as the axial one (triangular or linear). Its superstructure is painted with two black or white and three red, equal in width, horizontal alternating stripes. The signal light is white, group-frequently flashing. The pivot pole is painted with two black or white and three red horizontal stripes. The top figure of the milestone is a black ball. Ice buoy - the cigar of the rotary-axis mark has the same color as the rotary-axial buoy. Milestones and ice buoys are not shining cigars.
General provisions
1. Navigation marks and lights are intended to create safe conditions for the navigation of ships and ensure the safety of artificial structures on inland waterways.
2. Navigation lights on structures must operate from sunset to sunrise.
3. With a lateral system, the types, main parameters and dimensions, color and type of painting of navigation signs, as well as the nature, color and relative position of signal lights are determined in the prescribed manner.
4. Under the cardinal system, the color and type of painting of floating signs, their top figures and the nature of the lights are determined by the current fencing system on the GDP of the “M” and “O” categories.
Composition and purpose of navigation signs
1. Navigation marks are divided into coastal and floating.
2. Coastal signs include fencing signs (markers) of the navigation channel and information signs.
Coastal signs indicating the position of the navigation channel include: directional, crossover, navigation, spring, landmark signs, indicators of the height of the underbridge clearance and the edges of the navigation channel in the navigable spans of bridges, wayfinding lights of shipping canals, as well as identification signs and beacons.
3. Floating signs include buoys, buoys, and milestones.
4. Floating navigational signs are divided into edge, rotary, stall, dividing, axial, rotary-axial and danger signs.
5. On rivers, the names of the right and left edges (sides) of the navigation channel are taken in the direction of the water flow.
On transit ship passages of reservoirs, the names of the parties are taken in the direction from the backwater wedging zone to the dam.
On the approaches to ports, piers, shelters, as well as on the ship channels of tributaries flowing into the reservoir, the names of the right and left edges of the ship channel are taken in the direction of the transit ship channel.
On canals and lakes, the names of the parties on ship passages are adopted conditionally when designing the transport development of these waterways.
Character of navigation lights
1. Permanent.
2. Flashing - periodically repeating flashes.
3. Double flash - periodically repeating groups of two flashes.
4. Frequently flashing - continuously repeating frequent flashes.
5. Group-frequently flashing - periodically repeating groups.
6. Pulsating - continuously repeating light pulses.
7. Intermittent-pulsating - periodically repeating groups.
8. Eclipsed - periodically repeating glimpses and short-term eclipses.
Floating navigational marks and lights to mark the boundaries of the shipping channel. Edge to mark the edges of the ship's passage
1. Right side:
red rectangular buoy;
red round buoy;
red milestone with black top figure;
red light, constant or flashing.
2. Left side:
white or black triangular buoy;
white triangular buoy;
white milestone without top figure;
green, yellow or white light, constant or flashing.
3. Separation of the ship's passages: to indicate the separation of the ship's passage:
a separation buoy with red-white or red-black vertical stripes;
paired red and white buoys;
lights - red and green, or red and white, or yellow and red flashing lights are used in pairs on top of each other.
4. Signs protecting dangerous places and navigation obstacles:
right bank:
red rectangular buoy with one white or black vertical and one horizontal stripe (cross-shaped);
light - red, flashing or double flashing;
left Coast:
white triangular buoy with one black vertical and one horizontal stripe (cross-shaped);
light - green, flashing or double flashing.
5. Signal signs, indicating the turn of the ship's passage:
right bank:
a red rectangular buoy with a wide horizontal white or black stripe;
light - red, flashing or frequently flashing;
left Coast:
white or black triangular buoy with a wide horizontal black or white stripe;
light - white, yellow or green, flashing or rapidly flashing.
6. Signal signs indicating the axis of the navigation channel and at the same time its edge to separate oncoming traffic flows:
white triangular buoy with two horizontal wide black or red stripes, white pole with two black stripes, black top figure with a round silhouette;
light - white or yellow double flashing.
7. Signal signs, rotary-axial to indicate the rotation of the axis of the navigation. A red triangular buoy with two white or black wide horizontal stripes. The light is white or yellow, flashing in groups. Milestone - two black (or white) and three red horizontal stripes of equal width. Top figure round silhouette black.
Coastal navigational signs indicating the position of a navigation channel
1. The color of the boards of coastal direction and pass signs is chosen to create a contrast with the background of the area (light or dark) and does not depend on the coast (right or left). The color of the lights depends on the bank (right or left).
2. The axial alignment to indicate the axis of the navigation channel consists of two signs: forward and rear.
Shields are square, rectangular (vertical), trapezoidal and combined in red or white. White or black vertical stripes are applied to rectangular and trapezoidal panels.
The lights on the right bank are red, white or yellow, on the left bank - green, white or yellow, on the front signs - constant, on the rear - flashing.
3. The slot line to indicate the position of the navigation channel and its edges consists of three signs: two forward and one rear.
The shields are rectangular red or white with white or black vertical stripes.
The lights on the right and left banks are permanent, on the front signs, and flashing on the rear signs, similar to the center line.
(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated March 31, 2003 N 114)
4. Edge alignment to indicate the position of the ship's passage and its edges. The front shields are rectangular, the rear ones are trapezoidal, red or white.
The lights are permanent or double-flashing on the right edge, red, on the left, green.
5. A cross-over sign to indicate the direction of navigation.
Shields are square, rectangular, trapezoidal or combined in red or white.
The lights are constant or flashing; on the right bank they are red, white or yellow, on the left bank they are green, white or yellow.
(as amended by Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated March 31, 2003 N 114)
6. Spring sign to indicate flooded shores. The shields on the right bank are round red, on the left - trapezoidal white.
The lights are constant, red on the right bank, green on the left.
7. Landmark sign to indicate characteristic places on the shipping route.
The shields are rectangular or trapezoidal, red on the right bank, black on the left bank with two horizontal white stripes.
The lights are double-flashing, red or white on the right bank, green or white on the left, or yellow flashing on both banks.
8. Sign "Way light" to mark the banks (edges) of the shipping canal.
The lights are constant or flashing, red on the right bank, green on the left.
9. A navigation sign to indicate a ship's passage located near the shore.
The diamond-shaped shields on the right bank are red, on the left - white. The flashing lights on the right bank are red, on the left bank they are green.
10. Signaling of navigable bridge spans:
a) to indicate the axis of the navigable passage in the navigable span of the bridge, square, round, triangular red or white boards are installed in its middle, depending on the background (light or dark) of the bridge structures.
For ships and trains coming from above, shields are installed in the form of a rhombus, round shields - for rafts, triangular - for small vessels.
For ships and trains coming from below, the shields are square.
The lights are constant, two red, located vertically, for ships, two green, located vertically, for rafts.
To indicate the under-bridge clearance and the edges of the navigable passage in the navigable spans of bridges, 1, 2, 3 or 4 square green or white boards are installed on each support or edge. The number of shields indicates the span height, respectively, up to 10, 13, 16 m and higher.
All lights are constant, green;
b) To indicate the navigable span of the drawer part, set aside towards the right or left bank, of the floating bridge, 5 lights are installed, 2 each on the fixed part of the bridge and one at the corners of its drawer part. The lights are constant: red on the right bank, green on the left.
(paragraph "b" as amended by Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated March 31, 2003 N 114)
Composition and distinctive features of floating signs with a cardinal placement system
1. Cardinal signs are intended to guard against navigational hazards. They are placed around the danger according to the principle of fencing it relative to the cardinal directions (along the four main directions of the compass). In this case, the horizon around the danger fences is conventionally divided into four sectors: northern, eastern, southern and western.
Cardinal signs are displayed in one, several or all sectors at the same time to indicate the side from which the protected danger should be avoided.
2. Definition of sectors and signs.
The four sectors (north, east, south and west) are limited by true bearings NW-NE, NE-SE, SE-SW, SW-NW taken from the designated point.
The cardinal sign is called by the name of the sector in which it is located.
3. Description of signs (buoys, milestones).
North sign. The upper part of the sign is black, the lower part is yellow. A pole with a topmark, which has two black cones with their vertices up, located one above the other. The light is white, flashing frequently. The sign is displayed in the northern sector, north of the danger.
South sign. The upper part of the sign is yellow, the lower part is black, a pole with a topmark, which has two black cones with the tops down, located one above the other. The light is white, consisting of 6 frequent flashes, followed by one long flash of 15 seconds. The sign is posted in the southern sector, south of the danger.
Eastern sign. The color is black, with one wide horizontal stripe of yellow. A pole with a topmark: two black cones, one above the other, bases facing each other. The light is white, consists of three frequent flashes with a frequency of 10 s. The sign is posted in the eastern sector, east of the danger.
"Western" sign. The color is yellow, with one horizontal black stripe. Milestone with topmark: two black cones with their tops together. The light is white, consists of nine frequent flashes with a frequency of 15 s. The sign is posted in the western sector, west of the danger.
Signs indicating specific hazardous areas
The buoy is black with a wide red horizontal stripe, the light is white and double flashing. A milestone with a topmark: two black balls, one above the other. The sign is placed above the danger.
To indicate surface or underwater hazards, ensure navigation along fairways and determine the vessel’s position in coastal areas, means are displayed navigation equipment(SNO).
Depending on the location of installation, aids to navigation can be coastal or floating.
Coastal ones include beacons, lights, signs, radar stations, as well as acoustic fog alarms.
Lighthouses are special structures from 10 to 50 meters high, equipped with powerful light-optical equipment.
The lights of the lighthouses are lit from sunset to sunrise, the visibility range is at least 10 miles.
Navigation marks– lighthouse-type structures, but of a lighter design. The visibility range of the lights is up to 10 miles.
The gate signs are constructed in the form of lattice towers, on which a wooden gate shield is mounted. The alignments formed by the alignment marks are installed to guide the vessel along the fairway, as well as to determine compass corrections. Floating aids to navigation are installed at anchors near the danger or at the danger itself: signs, buoys and milestones.
Floating warning signs warn boatmasters about the presence of danger, prohibit movement in their direction and indicate a safe route.
The system provides five types of signs
1. Lateral signs. These signs (buoys and stakes) are placed to mark the sides of fairways.
The world's oceans are divided into two regions: region A and region B, which differ in the principle of using red and green colors to mark the sides of the fairway with lateral signs.
Countries that have adopted a red color for navigation aids on the left side of the fairway belong to Region A; countries that have adopted the green color of the navigation aid on the left side of the fairway are in region B. In this case, the direction of the fairway in both regions is considered from the sea. The remaining types of signs are common to regions A and B.
Region A. On the left side (Fig. 17.20) signs are displayed, completely painted in red, the top figures look like a red cylinder, the luminous buoy has a red fire. The nature of the fire is Pr 3s (flashing, period 3s).
On the right side (of the figure) signs are placed, completely painted in green, the top figures look like a green cylinder, the luminous buoy has a green fire. Character of fire – Pr 3s.
In some cases, the direction of the fairway is specifically specified. Numbers or letters can be applied to the bodies of the buoys, and the numbering or designation of the buoys with letters is carried out from the sea.
Where fairways separate To indicate the main (preferred) fairway, modified lateral signs are used.
Main fairway on the right – the color of the signs is red with a wide green horizontal stripe, the top figure is in the shape of a red cylinder, the luminous buoy is red. The nature of the fire is Pr (2+1) 9s (complex group flashing, period 9 seconds).
Main fairway on the left– the color of the signs is green with a wide red horizontal stripe, the top figure is in the shape of a green cone, the luminous buoy is green. Character of fire – Pr (2+1) 9s.
Region B. The lateral marks displayed on the left and right sides of the fairway are illuminated with green and red lights respectively.
Region A
Left side sign
Right side sign
Region B
Left side sign
Right side sign
Sign indicating that the main fairway is on the left
Sign indicating that the main fairway is on the right
They are used to protect isolated navigational hazards, as well as sunken ships. These signs indicate the direction (on the compass) from which the ship must avoid the danger. They can be placed in one, several or all sectors from danger. For fencing, buoys and poles of black and yellow color are used in various combinations (Fig. 17.28).
The top figures are two black cones placed one above the other. The light of the luminous buoys is white.
Northern buoys and milestones are placed in the northern sector to the N of danger. The signs are black at the top and yellow at the bottom. The top figures are cones with their vertices up. The nature of the fire is F (frequent).
Eastern buoys and milestones are deployed in the eastern sector to E from danger. The signs are black with a wide yellow horizontal stripe. The top figures are cones with their bases together. The nature of the fire is H (3) 10 s (three frequent flashes in a group, period 10 s).
Southern buoys and poles are placed in the southern sector to the S of danger. The signs are yellow at the top and black at the bottom. The top figures are cones with their vertices together. The nature of the fire is H (6) DlPr 15 s (six frequent flashes in a group with a long flash, period 15 s).
Western buoys and milestones are deployed in the western sector to the W of danger.
The signs are yellow with a wide black horizontal stripe. The top figures are cones with their vertices together. The nature of the fire is H (9) 15 s (nine frequent flashes in a group, period 15 s).
Signs protecting individual minor hazards.
They are positioned above the danger and can be bypassed from any side. The signs are painted black with one or more red wide horizontal stripes (Fig. 17.29). The top pieces are two black balls placed one above the other. The luminous buoy is white. Character of fire – Pr (2) 5s.
3. Signs indicating the starting points and axis of the fairway(channel) and the middle of the passage (axial). Signs (buoys and milestones) are painted with red and white vertical stripes (Fig. 17.30). The top figure looks like a red ball. The luminous buoy has a white flame. The nature of the fire is DlPr 6s (long-flash, period 6 seconds).
They are used to mark or fence special areas or objects, for example, cable laying sites, etc.
The signs are painted yellow. The top figures are a yellow oblique cross. The luminous buoy has a yellow fire, the nature of the fire is Pr 5s.
Signs protecting certain dangers
Small boat and navigation
Small boats must travel outside the navigation channel or in a designated lane. If, due to the conditions of the route, such following is impossible, they can go along the ship's channel along the right edge of the ship's course within up to 10 m from it, while they must not impede the movement and maneuvering of large vessels on the ship's channel and are obliged to leave their path in advance without exchanging sound and visual signals.
Buoys (marking the edge (edge) of the shipping channel) are located at a distance of 250-500 m from each other. If the next buoy is not visible, stay on your course and adjust it when the buoy becomes visible.
Small vessels, if necessary, can cross the channel and also make a turn to cross the channel, usually behind the stern of passing vessels. The intersection should be carried out at an angle close to a straight line (+/- 15 0), and as soon as possible.
To rescue people, you can go out onto the shipping lane without restrictions.
Small boats are prohibited from:
· maneuver and stop near other vessels, dredgers, floating cranes, etc., moving or standing. and in between;
· stop and anchor within the ship's channel (traffic lane), as well as at floating navigational signs;
· go out into the shipping lane in limited (less than 1 km) visibility.
Rule of the road
If two vessels are on opposite courses in such a way that there is a risk of collision, each vessel must change course to starboard so that they can pass on their port sides.
If two small vessels are on intersecting courses and there may be a risk of collision, the following rules apply:
· small motorized vessels must give way to all other small non-motorized vessels;
· small non-motorized vessels and vessels not sailing must give way to sailing vessels.
General rule: the one who has it easier gives way + the right-hand rule applies.
MS discrepancies outside the shipping lane
If the courses intersect - divergence on the left sides
If they do NOT intersect - either side
Night
When sailing at night, a self-propelled small vessel must carry: a masthead light (white), side lights (left-red, right-green) and stern lights (white), while the side lights can be combined in one lamp located along the axis of the vessel in the bow (in any case, the onboard ones turn on only when moving). Small vessels towed and moving in a formation must carry an all-round white light.
Navigation lights and signs
General principle for navigation lights and signs: on the right along the stream all the signs are mostly red, on the left - white (or black), lights - on the right - red, on the left - green (or both white or yellow), lines (a bunch of boards for orientation in the direction of the navigation) - white on a dark background, red on a light background].
Spring sign serves to indicate flooded shores and is displayed on flooded islands, ravines, capes to prevent the ship from running aground.
On the left bank = a structure made of a pillar, on top of which a white trapezoidal shield is fixed.
On the right bank = a round red shield.
The spring sign on the left bank is equipped with a constant green light, and on the right - red.
a) on the left bank; b) on the right bank
Danger sign indicates particularly dangerous places at the edges of the shipping channel (submerged structures, dam heads, etc.). The sign is placed directly above the end of the obstacle on the side of the navigation channel.
Duplicates the usual edge sign, placed at a distance of 10-15 mm from the danger sign towards the shipping channel. It is prohibited to approach the danger sign (swim only along the ship's channel!!).
a) on the left edge
b) on the right edge
| Name of the sign | View | Color and characteristics of fire | Appointments |
| Don't drop anchor! |  | Indicates the underwater passage area where it is prohibited to drop anchors or lower chains - drags, lots | |
| Don't create disturbances! |  |  | Designates a section of the waterway where it is prohibited to create disturbances (near landing stages, beaches, bathing areas, boat stations and other structures). Need to slow down |
| The movement of small boats is prohibited! |  | | Designates an area where the movement of small vessels is prohibited on the shipping route (in roadsteads, in approach channels, at berths, etc.) |
| Attention! |  | Warns of the need to be careful (blind, narrow sections of the shipping channel, sharp turns) | |
| Crossing a ship's channel | | Indicates the places where ships and ferry crossings cross the shipping channel. | |
| Speed limited | | Indicates areas where the speed of displacement vessels is limited (canals, roadsteads, outports, beach areas, etc.). The figure shows the maximum permissible speed in km/h |
Signs and lights navigable bridge spans for small vessels - a triangular shield, with the top down; lights are not displayed at night. On a dark background, the signs are painted white, on a light background - red.
Distress signals on the water(submitted when assistance is needed, it is simply prohibited):
· a flag with a ball or similar object located above or below it;
· frequent flashing of all-round fire, spotlight, vertical movement of fire;
· rockets (false flares) of red color;
Slowly raising and lowering arms outstretched to the side;
· giving sound signals (frequent ringing of a bell, a metal object or prolonged sounds from any device).
Three long blasts = "Man overboard."
About life jackets
Boatmasters and passengers when sailing on small vessels must wear life jackets in the following cases:
Darkness, worsening hydrometeorological conditions (fog, rain, wind);
Swimming on jet skis, water skis or similar means;
Gateway.
Children under 16 years of age are allowed to sail on small boats only wearing life jackets.
Emergency stop
1) turn off traction
2) back up
3) drop anchor
(used to avoid accidents, and not to rescue someone who has fallen overboard).
The IALA system provides for the division of the World Ocean into two regions - A and B.
The IALA floating containment system is generally the same for both regions. The division into regions A and B is caused only by the difference in the color of the lateral signs and the color of their lights. According to the IALA system in region A, the color of the signs is red and
lights are adopted for fencing the left side of fairways and channels, and green for fencing the right side.
Each type of mark has a corresponding color, type of top figure and character of the fire, making it possible to reliably identify marks in the daytime and at night. The shape and design of system signs may vary. The most common ones for buoys are cigar-shaped and columnar. Luminous and non-luminous buoys can be equipped with radar reflectors, transponder beacons, howler beacons and other means, as announced in navigation manuals.
The color of the floating caution signs on the left side of the fairway is red.
Green color is on the right side.
IN sea waters Russian Federation, as well as in inland waters - lakes Ladoga and Onega, the fencing of navigational hazards, fairways and channels is carried out according to the IALA system, region A. Fencing signs are illuminated and non-luminous buoys, milestones, and in some cases, stationary signs on a hydraulic foundation.
In the waters of the Russian Federation, each type of floating fence sign corresponds to only one, assigned to it the character of fire.
The use of top figures on illuminated and non-illuminated IALA system buoys in Russian waters is mandatory; exceptions are allowed only in frozen areas during winter navigation. Selection of types and number of floating warning signs displayed according to
IALA system in the waters of the Russian Federation, in each case determined by the navigational and hydrographic features of the area, conditions and navigation regime, position, size and type of protected dangers
The direction of fairways and channels and the names of their sides are determined from the sea.
Lateral signs
Lateral signs are intended to fence the sides of fairways and channels, mark the places where they are divided and indicate in such places the position of the main (preferred) fairway or channel.
The direction of the fairway or channel, fenced with lateral signs, the names of the sides “left”, “right” are considered from the sea to the port, and in some cases are specified additionally. Where it is difficult to determine a fairway or channel “from the sea”, an indicator is placed on nautical charts
- a contour arrow of lilac color, its position corresponds to the accepted direction of a given fairway or channel, and red and green marks on the sides of the arrow indicate their left and right sides, respectively. Lateral signs include:
signs fencing the sides of fairways and canals
left side signs; right side sign;
signs marking places where fairways and channels separate;
signs “Main fairway (channel) on the right” and “Main fairway (channel) on the left.”
The lateral signs of the left and right sides are numbered, the signs of the left side are assigned even numbers, and the signs of the right side are assigned odd numbers.
The numbering order is announced in navigational manuals, and the assigned buoy numbers are shown on nautical charts.
In some cases, numbering can be carried out in a way that is convenient, according to local conditions.
Marking of fairway dividing points
Signs "Main fairway (channel) on the right"- buoy, milestone –
are placed at the point of division, on the left side of the main fairway (channel) and show the position of the main fairway (channel) relative to the displayed sign (counting from the sea). The signs are red with a green horizontal stripe in the middle (at 1/3 the height of the surface of the sign).
The symbol for the color of the sign on maps is kzlk.
The top figure is a red top hat. Red complex group flashing light (alternating complex groups of two and one red flash). Symbol on the maps: Pr(2 + 1)9с and the red color of the light near the buoy image.
Signs "Main fairway (channel) left"- buoy, pole - are placed at the point of separation on the right side of the main fairway (channel) and show the position of the main fairway (channel) relative to the posted sign (counting from the sea). The signs are green with a red horizontal stripe in the middle (at 1/3 of the height of the surface of the sign).
The symbol for the color of the sign on maps is zlkzl. The top figure is a green cone with its apex up. Green complex group flashing light (alternating complex groups of two and one green flash). Symbol on the maps: Pr(2 + 1)9с and green light at the buoy image.
Fencing the sides of fairways (channels)
Signs, left side- buoy, milestone - placed on the left side of the fairway (channel), they indicate: “Leave me to the left.”
The signs are red. Numbers are applied on two or three sides.
The symbol's color symbol on maps is k. The top figure is a red cylinder. Red flashing light, 20 flashes per minute, symbol on maps: PrZs and red light near the buoy image.
Right side signs- buoy, milestone - placed on the right side of the fairway (channel), they indicate: “Leave me on the right.” The signs are green. Numbers are applied on two or three sides. The symbol color symbol on maps is zl. The top figure is a green cone with its apex up.
Green flashing light, 20 flashes per minute.
Symbol on maps: PrZs- and green light near the buoy image.