Traditional society: definition. Features of traditional society
Society is a complex natural-historical structure, the elements of which are people. Their connections and relationships are determined by a certain social status, the functions and roles they perform, the norms and values generally accepted in a given system, as well as their individual qualities. Society is usually divided into three types: traditional, industrial and post-industrial. Each of them has its own distinctive features and functions.
This article will look at traditional society (definition, characteristics, basics, examples, etc.).
What it is?
A modern industrialist, new to history and social science, may not understand what a “traditional society” is. We will consider the definition of this concept further.
Operates on the basis of traditional values. It is often perceived as tribal, primitive and backward feudal. It is a society with an agrarian structure, with sedentary structures and with methods of social and cultural regulation based on traditions. It is believed that for most of its history, humanity was at this stage.
Traditional society, the definition of which is discussed in this article, is a collection of groups of people at different stages of development and without a mature industrial complex. The determining factor in the development of such social units is agriculture.
Characteristics of a traditional society
A traditional society is characterized by the following features:
1. Low production rates, satisfying people's needs at a minimum level.
2. High energy intensity.
3. Failure to accept innovations.
4. Strict regulation and control of the behavior of people, social structures, institutions, and customs.
5. As a rule, in a traditional society any manifestation of personal freedom is prohibited.
6. Social formations, sanctified by traditions, are considered unshakable - even the thought of their possible changes is perceived as criminal.
Traditional society is considered agrarian, as it is based on agriculture. Its functioning depends on the cultivation of crops using a plow and draft animals. Thus, the same piece of land could be cultivated several times, resulting in permanent settlements.
Traditional society is also characterized by the predominant use of manual labor and the extensive absence of market forms of trade (the predominance of exchange and redistribution). This led to the enrichment of individuals or classes.
The forms of ownership in such structures are, as a rule, collective. Any manifestations of individualism are not accepted and rejected by society, and are also considered dangerous, as they violate the established order and traditional balance. There is no impetus for the development of science and culture, so extensive technologies are used in all areas.
Political structure
The political sphere in such a society is characterized by authoritarian power, which is inherited. This is explained by the fact that only in this way can traditions be maintained for a long time. The management system in such a society was quite primitive (hereditary power was in the hands of the elders). The people actually had no influence on politics.
Often there is an idea about the divine origin of the person in whose hands the power was. In this regard, politics is actually completely subordinated to religion and is carried out only according to sacred instructions. The combination of secular and spiritual power made possible the increasing subordination of people to the state. This, in turn, strengthened the stability of a traditional type of society.
Social relations
In the sphere of social relations, the following features of traditional society can be distinguished:
1. Patriarchal structure.
2. The main purpose of the functioning of such a society is to maintain human life and avoid its extinction as a species.
3. Low level
4. Traditional society is characterized by division into classes. Each of them played a different social role.
5. Personality assessment in terms of the place that people occupy in the hierarchical structure.
6. A person does not feel like an individual; he considers only his belonging to a certain group or community.
Spiritual realm
In the spiritual sphere, traditional society is characterized by deep religiosity and moral principles instilled from childhood. Certain rituals and dogmas were an integral part of human life. Writing as such did not exist in traditional society. That is why all legends and traditions were transmitted orally.
Relationships with nature and the environment
The influence of traditional society on nature was primitive and insignificant. This was explained by low-waste production represented by cattle breeding and agriculture. Also, in some societies there were certain religious rules condemning the pollution of nature.
It was closed in relation to the outside world. Traditional society did its best to protect itself from outside invasions and any external influence. As a result, man perceived life as static and unchanging. Qualitative changes in such societies occurred very slowly, and revolutionary changes were perceived extremely painfully.
Traditional and industrial society: differences
Industrial society arose in the 18th century, primarily in England and France.
Some of its distinctive features should be highlighted.
1. Creation of large machine production.
2. Standardization of parts and assemblies of various mechanisms. This made mass production possible.
3. Another important distinguishing feature is urbanization (the growth of cities and the resettlement of a significant part of the population on their territory).
4. Division of labor and its specialization.
Traditional and industrial societies have significant differences. The first is characterized by a natural division of labor. Traditional values and patriarchal structure prevail here, and there is no mass production.
Post-industrial society should also be highlighted. Traditional, in contrast, aims to extract natural resources, rather than collect information and store it.
Examples of Traditional Society: China
Vivid examples of a traditional type of society can be found in the East in the Middle Ages and modern times. Among them, India, China, Japan, and the Ottoman Empire should be highlighted.
Since ancient times, China has been distinguished by strong state power. By the nature of evolution, this society is cyclical. China is characterized by a constant alternation of several eras (development, crisis, social explosion). It should also be noted the unity of spiritual and religious authorities in this country. According to tradition, the emperor received the so-called “Mandate of Heaven” - divine permission to rule.
Japan
The development of Japan in the Middle Ages also suggests that there was a traditional society here, the definition of which is discussed in this article. The entire population of the Land of the Rising Sun was divided into 4 estates. The first is the samurai, daimyo and shogun (personified the highest secular power). They occupied a privileged position and had the right to bear arms. The second estate were peasants who owned land as a hereditary holding. The third is artisans and the fourth is merchants. It should be noted that trade in Japan was considered an unworthy activity. It is also worth highlighting the strict regulation of each class.
Unlike other traditional eastern countries, in Japan there was no unity of supreme secular and spiritual authority. The first was personified by the shogun. In his hands was most of the lands and enormous power. There was also an emperor (tenno) in Japan. He was the personification of spiritual power.
India
Vivid examples of a traditional type of society can be found in India throughout the country's history. The Mughal Empire, located on the Hindustan Peninsula, was based on a military fief and caste system. The supreme ruler - the padishah - was the main owner of all the land in the state. Indian society was strictly divided into castes, whose lives were strictly regulated by laws and sacred regulations.
Analysis of tasks on the topic Multivariate social development (types of societies)
The basis of the country's economy is the collective ownership of land. Religion plays a special role in people's lives. A person's social status depends on his origin. What type of society does this belong to?
agricultural 3) industrial
post-industrial 4) traditional
A. In a traditional society, the main value is individualism; a person’s value lies in himself.
B. In a traditional society, people strive to dominate nature, subjugate it and extract maximum benefit.
only A is true 3) both judgments are correct
Only B is true 4) both judgments are incorrect
In which society are the main institutions the church and the army?
in industrial 3) in traditional
in primitive 4) in post-industrial
Below is a list of features inherent in the development of a traditional type of civilization. Find and write down a term that falls out of this series.
Extensiveness, patriarchy, community, customary law, intensity
What type of society is characterized by an extensive development path?
traditional
industrial
post-industrial
informational
industrial 3) mass
traditional 4) post-industrial
Are the following statements about traditional society true?
A. Respect for customs, norms that have evolved over centuries, and the predominance of collective principles over private principles distinguish traditional society.
B. In a traditional society, individual human abilities are highly valued, initiative and enterprise are encouraged.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
Country A. with a population of 15 million people is located in the Southern Hemisphere. What additional information will allow us to judge whether A. belongs to traditional societies?
1) The basis of the country’s economy is agricultural production.
Which feature is inherent in a traditional society?
1) developed factory production2) creation of the main product in agriculture
4) highly developed infrastructure
The predominance of the community, the underdevelopment of private property are characteristic features of society
1) traditional
2) entering the era of the industrial revolution
3) industrial
4) post-industrial
Find in the list below the features inherent in traditional society. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
low level of social mobility
traditions are the main regulator of social life
industrial revolution
the predominance of the service sector over the production sector
predominance of communal-state forms of ownership
entrepreneurship and initiative of citizens in the economic sphere
fusion of power with land ownership
guarantee by the state of the rights and freedoms of the individual
Vetsky character of education and culture
class division 4) traditional society
local communities 5) irrational consciousness
routine technology 6) low social dynamics.
In Belarusian society, natural agricultural production dominates, membership in a collective determines a person’s way of life, and the entire set of relationships that have developed in a given society is illuminated by religion. What type of society is B.?
post-industrial
informational
traditional
industrial
priority development of heavy industry
slow pace of social development
rigid, hierarchical structure of society
developed system of social division of labor
high social mobility of the population
predominance of the agricultural sector in the economy
the predominance of agricultural production with extensive technologies
development of the “coal and steel” economy, formation of a large factory industry
widespread use of microprocessor technologies
formation of representative authorities
awareness of the need to take care of natural resources
high level of development of science and technology, contributing to the implementation of the industrial revolution
creation of a unified information space
computerization of production
the predominance of agriculture over industry strengthened
the importance of collectivist values has increased as opposed to the values of intellectual freedom
class differences increased
the industrial enterprise becomes the most important productive unit
What type of society is characterized by the employment of the majority of the population in industry?
traditional
industrial
post-industrial
informational
to industrial 3) to traditional
to informational 4) to post-industrial
A characteristic feature of an industrial society is
1) widespread use of non-economic forced labor
2) weakness and underdevelopment of democratic institutions
3) the predominance of collective consciousness over individual
4) predominance of private ownership
Are the following statements true about different types of societies?
A. In an industrial society, individual characteristics of a person are highly valued, initiative and entrepreneurship are encouraged.
B. Respect for customs, norms that have developed over centuries, the predominance of the collective principle over the private principle distinguishes post-industrial society from industrial society.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
with two exceptions, characterize industrial society.
Industrial production; 2) computerization and robotization; 3) human rights; 4) mass culture; 5) democratization of political life; 6) strengthening the class system.
The country of N. has more than 20 million inhabitants. They belong to different ethno-national groups. What additional information allows us to judge whether the country N. belongs to industrial-type societies?
Factory production is widely developed in the country.
There are trade relations with neighboring countries.
The network of social services is poorly developed.
The supreme power in the country is inherited.
man-made
informational
agricultural
unconventional
A high level of development of science and technology, infrastructure and communications, the absence of social barriers to improving social status, the presence of the necessary material and technical base for personal development are characteristic For
agricultural society
post-industrial society
industrial society
traditional society
Intensity, industry, high dependence on nature, division of labor, hired labor, economic stimulation of labor, market relations, private property.
Find in the list below signs related to post-industrial society. In your answer, write down the numbers under which they appear, in ascending order.
globalization
isolation of certain regions of the planet
The main surplus product is produced in agriculture
extensive production
high level of information and communication
introduction of resource-saving technologies
1) Transition of the manufacturing economy to the service economy; 2) intensive urbanization; 3) the growing predominance of the “specialist and technician class”; 4) the dominant role of theoretical knowledge as the basis for innovation and policy formulation; 5) future orientation towards monitoring and evaluating technology; 6) decision-making based on new “smart technology”. Which feature characterizes a post-industrial society?
Which of the following is a feature of post-industrial society?
Which of the following characterizes a post-industrial society?
1) religious nature of culture
2) transition from natural to commercial production
3) completion of the industrial revolution
4) development of information technology
Are the following judgments about the ways of development of society correct?
A. In an industrial society, the achievements of science began to be actively introduced into production.
B. During the period of post-industrial society, the industrial revolution ended.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
Find in the list the features inherent in post-industrial society. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
development of the service sector
growth of the working class
lack of social stratification
use of information technology
new intelligent technologies
The essential features of a post-industrial society include
1) the emergence of standardized production
2) predominance of local rural communities
3) formation of online communities
4) religious nature of education and culture
D. society is characterized by openness and mobility of social structures and the widespread use of mechanisms and technologies. What additional information will allow us to conclude that D.’s society is post-industrial?
widespread introduction of new information technologies in various areas of life
transformation of industrial corporations into centers of social organization
deepening the division of labor, developing its specialization
presence of close interaction with other countries
Below is a list of signs. All of them, with the exception of two, characterize post-industrial society.
Development of culture;
computerization and robotization;
human rights;
a person is valued as part of a team;
democratization of political life;
strengthening the class system.
development of large machine industry
predominance of manual labor
the basis of production is knowledge, information
widespread use of machinery
illiteracy of the majority of the population
main type of export - means of production
main type of export - raw materials
the main type of export is intellectual products (programs, technologies, etc.)
the basis of production is land, agricultural labor
the leading role is played by the service sector, science, education
continuous education of citizens
the problem of overcoming illiteracy of the population is being solved
After solving the test, distribute the answers into the appropriate columns of the table.
Typology of societies
ministry order
What are the rules governing public relations in the field of public administration called?
A) constitutional law b) criminal law C) civil law d) administrative law
Illegal behavior (action) of a citizen or enterprise is... A) action b) inaction C) act d) offense
What is not the purpose of punishing a criminal?
A) revenge on the part of the state b) restoration of social justice C) correction of the convicted person d) prevention of the commission of new crimes
Which of the following characterizes the offense?
A. antisocial behavior of a person B. causing harm to someone, violating a rule of law A) only A b) only B C) both A and B are correct d) there is no correct answer
Which of the following refers to the views of I. Kant?
A. was convinced that law appeared before the state B. was one of the first to use the term “rule of law state” A) only A b) only B C) both A and B are correct d) no correct answer What is a sign of a rule of law state? A) unitary structure of the state B) federal structure of the state C) the principle of separation of powers D) public power When was the first Constitution adopted in our country? A) in December 1825 b) October 17, 1905 C) December 5, 1936 d) October 7, 1977 How does the people exercise power in our country? A) elections and referendums b) going to court C) creating political parties d) military service What applies to the legislative branch in Russia? A) Federation Council b) Ministry of Internal Affairs C) Security Council d) Supreme Court of the Russian Federation Second part Define the concepts: Constitution, crime, civil society, referendum. Third part What is unnecessary and why? Decree, Constitution, resolution, order. Federal Assembly, Supreme Court, Federation Council, State Duma. Federation Council, Government of the Russian Federation, Head of the municipality, Supreme Court.
1. Which example illustrates the interaction between nature and society?1) creation of the Slavic alphabet
2) slash-and-burn agriculture of the Eastern Slavs
3) collection of tribute by the prince from subject tribes
4) writing a code of laws “Russian Truth”.
2. It is typical for a traditional society
1) long existence of the community
2) broad participation of the people in public life
3) employment of the bulk of the population in the service sector
4) recognition of individual rights and freedoms as the main value
3. The process of familiarization with culture, values of human society, knowledge about the world accumulated by previous generations is called:
1) science 2) art 3) education 4) creativity
4. For artistic creativity it is obligatory
1) the desire for an accurate reflection of reality
2) simplicity of the form of reproduction
3) work in a creative team
4) use of figurative and symbolic means
5. Are the following judgments about the process of globalization true?
A. The development of mass communications makes the modern world more holistic
B. All global problems are a consequence of economic integration
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
6. Perception is
1) form of rational knowledge
2) a mental property inherent only to humans
3) form of sensory knowledge
4) a way to explain the world
7. Both humans and animals have a need for
1) self-expression 3) public recognition
2) preservation of offspring 4) labor activity
8. Cognition as opposed to labor
1) assumes the presence of a goal
2) requires special training from the subject
3) aimed at gaining knowledge about the subject
4) is useful
9. To regulate the water level in rivers, beavers build dams. At the same time, they gnaw up trees for construction upstream and float the logs to the construction site. What distinguishes these animal actions from the dam construction work carried out by humans. The incentives for animal actions are
1) motives 2) instincts 3) skills 4) abilities
10. Are the following judgments about the connection between activity and communication true?
A. Communication is a side of any joint activity, since activity involves interaction.
B. Communication is a special activity based on the exchange of knowledge, ideas, and actions.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
11. A private enterprise, in contrast to a state enterprise, characterizes
1) economic independence 3) payment of taxes
2) introduction of new technologies 4) accounting for production costs
12. What consumer expenses are optional?
1) payment for travel on public transport
2) payment of utilities
3) purchase of medicines
4) apartment insurance
1) widespread use of non-economic forced labor
2)weakness and underdevelopment of democratic institutions
3) the predominance of collective consciousness over individual
4) the predominance of private ownership
2. Which feature is inherent in a traditional society?
1) developed factory production 3) completion of the industrial revolution
2) predominance of industry 4) leading role of agriculture
3. Are the following judgments about the ways and forms of social development correct?
A. In a traditional society, law as a regulator of social relations has not yet developed; its place was taken by unwritten traditions and customs.
B. In a post-industrial society, the industrial revolution is completed, mass production is being formed.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
4. Computerization of industry, highly developed infrastructure - these are features of society
1) traditional 2) industrial 3) post-industrial 4) information
5. Modern post-industrial society is characterized by a leading role
1) mining industry 2) manufacturing industry
3) agriculture 4) information and information technology
does this function work?
1) the government changed the taxation procedure for enterprises
2) the government implemented a set of anti-inflationary measures
3) the central bank issued licenses to a commercial bank
4) Parliament introduced changes to the antimonopoly legislation
10. The state performs various functions in the economic life of society. This way it protects the environment. Which of the following examples illustrates this function?
1) the state purchased new equipment for the criminal police
2) the government financed the construction of wastewater treatment plants
3) the government increased the size of old-age and disability pensions
4) parliament made changes to civil legislation
11. Are the following judgments about the role of the state in the economy true?
A. The market mechanism cannot solve pricing issues without the help of the state.
B. The state, in a market economy, regulates the process of production of goods and services.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
12. The main financial plan of the state for the current year, which is a list of its monetary income and expenses, is called
1) state sovereignty
2) state structure
3) state budget
4) state monopoly
development
d. part of the material world
2) the roles a person acquires in the process of interaction with other people, characterizes him as...
A. individual
b. citizen.
V. personality
d. individuality
3) are the following judgments about bi-art correct?
A. several types of art can be synthesized in one work.
B. works of art do not always bring practical benefits.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both statements are incorrect
The test on the topic "Society" with answers (option 1, 2) is designed for students in grades 10-11. It consists of part A (25 questions) and part B (7 tasks). The test corresponds to the structure of the Unified State Exam. It can be used both to test students' knowledge and to prepare for the Unified State Exam.
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Topic: “Society” B 1
A1 . A characteristic feature of an industrial society is
1) widespread use of non-economic forced labor
2)weakness and underdevelopment of democratic institutions
3) the predominance of collective consciousness over individual
4) the predominance of private ownership
A2 . Are the following statements about traditional society true?
A. Respect for customs, norms that have evolved over centuries, and the predominance of collective principles over private principles distinguish traditional society. B. In a traditional society, individual human abilities are highly valued, initiative and enterprise are encouraged.
A3. The process of familiarization with the values of human society, knowledge about the world accumulated by previous generations is called
1) science 2) art 3) education 4) creativity
A4. . Are the following judgments about the ways and forms of social development correct?
A. In a traditional society, law as a regulator of social relations has not yet emerged; its place was taken by unwritten traditions and customs.
B. In a post-industrial society, the industrial revolution is completed, mass production is formed.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A5. . Are the following statements about the process of globalization correct?
A. All global processes are a consequence of increased international contacts.
B. The development of mass communication makes the modern world holistic.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A6. . Are the following judgments about social progress true?
A. Modern ideas about social progress confirm its inconsistency.
B. The concepts of “progress” and “regression” are relative.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A7. Are the following judgments about global problems of humanity correct?
A. Today there is a real threat to the survival of humanity as a biological species.
B. In order to survive, humanity must seriously take care of the environment.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A8 .
A. “The last exploitative system, capitalism, as a result of the intensification of the class struggle, must inevitably be replaced by a socialist system, and then
Communist".
B. “Capitalism is eternal and indestructible, because humanity has not come up with anything more perfect, corresponding to human nature.”
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A9 . From the point of view of Marxism-Leninism, history was made under the influence of:
- higher unknowable forces 2) economic processes
- outstanding personalities - leaders, dictators, etc. 4) changes in the cultural life of societies
A10. Interaction of social groups, layers, classes, strata,
Nations and religious communities are carried out:
- in the economic sphere 2) in the political sphere 3) in the spiritual sphere 4) in the social sphere
A11. Ecology studies the impact of human activities:
- for the development of world religions
- to improve the household, the life of people and ancient times
- on the surrounding nature, the relationship between nature and society
- on the cultural environment
A12. . Are the following statements true?
A. “The natural environment surrounding man recedes before the artificial environment, but ultimately man needs more of the latter.”
B. “For modern man, the artificial environment can replace the natural environment.”
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A13. Unlike nature, society
1) is a system 2) is in development
3) acts as a creator of culture 4) develops according to its own laws
A14 . Modern post-industrial society is characterized by a leading role
1) mining industry 2) manufacturing industry
3) agriculture 4) information and information technology
A15. Are the following statements about the process of globalization correct?
A. The development of mass communication makes the modern world holistic.
B. All global problems are a consequence of economic integration.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A16 . A community of persons united by needs and interests that can be best satisfied only through joint efforts and joint activities is called:
- conglomerate 2) society 3) system 4) queue
A17. A. Toynbee formulated the law:
1) unity and struggle of opposites 2) change of socio-economic formations
- class struggle 4) “challenge - response”
1)A. Camus 2) D. Bell 3) O. Spengler 4) G. Plekhanov
A19 . What characteristic is inherent in a nation as an ethnic community?
1) national identity 2) federal government structure
3) presence of a national army 4) separation of powers
A20 . Which feature refers to a traditional society?
1) predominance of routine technologies 2) rapid development of industry
3) introduction of scientific achievements into production 4) intensive development of information technology
A21. The essence of the problem of “North” and “South” is
1) depletion of natural resources 2) gap in the level of economic development of regions of the planet
3) the formation of a network of international terrorist organizations 4) the growth of cultural diversity
A22 . Are the following judgments about the interaction of spheres of public life correct?
A. Processes occurring in one sphere of social life, as a rule, do not affect the processes occurring in other spheres.
B. Outstanding works of art can be created during periods of economic crises and political upheaval.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A23 . Highlighting the main elements of society, their interrelation and interaction, scientists characterize society as
1) system 2) part of nature 3) material world 4) civilization
A24 . The global problems of the modern world include
1) the emergence of new interstate associations 2) the completion of the industrial revolution
3) a significant gap between the levels of development of the regions of the planet 4) intensive development of science
A25. Are the following statements true about different types of societies?
A. In an industrial society, individual characteristics of a person are highly valued, initiative and enterprise are encouraged.
B. Respect for customs, norms that have developed over centuries, the predominance of the collective principle over the private principle distinguishes post-industrial society from industrial society.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
Part B.
Society
IN 1. Write down the word missing in the diagram
traditional
informational
……….
AT 2 . Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, are associated with the concept of “progress”. Find and indicate a term not related to the concept of “progress”.
Social reform; stagnation; social revolution; community development; modernization.
Answer________________
AT 3 . Establish a correspondence between the forms of social progress and their characteristic features: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column
Answer__________
AT 4. features of eastern civilization
- Entering into the inner spiritual life
- The priority of economics in solving public problems
- Contemplative attitude towards nature
- Accelerated pace of life
- Strictness of behavioral regulators
- Variety and rapid change of artistic styles
Answer____________
AT 5. Read the text below, each sentence of which is numbered. Determine which sentences are: 1) actual character; 2 ) nature of value judgments
(A) Downplaying the danger of a new world war in modern conditions is unjustified. (B) According to official information, there are about 70 thousand nuclear weapons on Earth. (B) Calculations show that this arsenal is capable of completely destroying life on the planet. (D) We believe that an appeal to the world community with a call for disarmament is extremely necessary.
Answer__________
“______(1) modern scientists call the process of formation of a single humanity. The world economy and the world system _______(2) are actively developing, common ideas about the optimal socio-political structure are being introduced, ______ is spreading (3). Globalization is _______ (4) a process that has both positive and negative impacts on the development of modern humanity. On the one hand, the formation of ______ (5) society is taking place, on the other hand, economic disagreements between Western countries and the countries of the “third world” are intensifying, and the problem of ______ (6) is worsening. »
Answer____________
AT 7. Find in the list belowsocial phenomena. Write down the numbers in ascending order.
- The emergence of the state
- Genetic predisposition of a person to certain diseases
- Creation of new drugs
- Formation of nations
- Human ability to sense the world
Answer_______________
Topic Society
Answers:
Option 1 |
|
Industrial |
|
Stagnation |
|
22121 |
|
2112 |
|
GBEDZA |
|
Preview:
Test "Society" B 2
A1. Society in the broad sense of the word is called:
1) association of people by interests
2) residents of a particular country
3) a community of people existing at a certain historical stage
4) a set of forms of association of people
A2 . Man influences nature:
- Favorable 2) its influence has no consequences
3) both favorable and unfavorable 4) unfavorable
A3. Public relations do not include:
1) family relations 2) relations between employee and employer
3) relationships between nature and society 4) connections between and within social groups
A4 . The social sphere of society directly depends on the level of:
1) economic development of the country 2) political development of the country
3) spirituality of society 4) development of interethnic relations
A. “Historically, society is primary, and the state is secondary.”
B. “The state gives rise to society.”
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A6 . Organization, regulation, management of the life of society is carried out in:
1) economic sphere 2) spiritual sphere 3) political sphere 4) social sphere
A7 . A characteristic feature of Western civilization is:
- low social mobility
- long-term preservation of traditional legal norms
- active implementation of new technologies
- weakness and underdevelopment of democratic values
A8 . A characteristic feature of evolution as a form of social development is:
- revolutionary nature of change
- spasmodicity
- violent methods
- gradualism
A9 . The global problems do not include:
- threat of nuclear war
- spread of drug addiction
- shortage of natural resources
- atheism as a contrast to religious ideology
A10. Demographic problems are generated by:
- arms race
- rivalry between the USSR and the USA
- rapid and uncontrolled population growth on the planet
- environmental pollution
A11 . Are the following statements about society true?
A. Society, like nature, is a dynamic system, the individual elements of which interact with each other.
B. Society, together with nature, forms the material world surrounding man.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A12 . A single, or generalizing, criterion of historical progress consists of:
- evolution of man as a harmoniously developed personality
- improving morals
- development of science and reason
- the growth of the ideals of truth and justice
A13 . Which of the following definitions of history as reality is the deepest and most accurate?
- any sequence of events
- living memory of society, people, social group
- past, long past
- essential dynamics of social development
A14 . Which of the following statements about the relationship “civilization - culture” are correct?
A. Civilization - adaptation to the conditions of the natural environment; culture is a person’s creative attitude towards the world and himself.
B. Civilization is a being; culture is largely a given (the duty of being human).
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A15. Are the following statements true?
Unification (bringing to uniformity) of civilization is unacceptable, since (indicate the deepest justification):
A. This is hampered by existing socio-political barriers and state sovereignties.
B. Civilizational diversity is as necessary for the stability and development of human society as genetic diversity is for nature.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A16 . Issues of power and state are resolved in:
1) economic sphere 2) spiritual sphere 3) social sphere 4) political sphere
A17. The concept of “development”, “interaction of elements” characterizes society as:
1) dynamic system
2) part of nature
3) the entire surrounding material world
4) interaction of people in social groups
A18 . An example of the influence of natural factors on the development of society is:
- the emergence of the first centers of civilization in river valleys
- construction of the Egyptian pyramids
- collapse of Charlemagne's empire
- unification of lands around Moscow
A19. Natural conditions of Russia:
- were favorable for farming
- allowed to carefully cultivate the land
- required extreme effort
- had little impact on people's lives
A20. Are the judgments correct?
Russia's geopolitical position was
A. Favorable for the development of the country.
B. Unfavorable, hampered the development of the economy, socialand political institutions.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A21. The emergence of private ownership of the means of production led to increased stratification of society. The connection of what aspects of social life was manifested in this phenomenon?
1) production, distribution, consumption and spiritual sphere 2) economics and politics
3) economics and social relations 4) economics and culture
A22. Which of the following features characterizes a traditional society?
1) the desire for progress 2) “continuity”, smoothness of the historical process
3) high social mobility 4) the desire to make maximum use of nature for one’s own purposes
A23. During the transition from a traditional society to an industrial one:
1) the individual submitted to society 2) the role of customs in regulating social relations increased
3) non-economic coercion increased 4) social mobility increased
A24. Are the following judgments about the relationship between spheres of society correct?
A. The decline in production causes a decline in the standard of living of the majority of the population.
B. Political power can contribute to the successful economic development of a country.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A 25 . The emergence of transnational corporations in modern society and the development of international trade are a manifestation of the trend
- modernization 2) globalization 3) democratization 4) informatization
Part B.
IN 1. Fill in the missing word in the following phrase:
“... the environment is the nature that surrounds a person and on which his existence largely depends.”
Answer: _____________________________________________
AT 2 . Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, are associated with the concept of “traditional society”. Find and indicate a term not related to the concept of “traditional society”.
Manual labor; estates; individual work; automation; monarchy.
Answer___________
AT 3 . Establish a correspondence between the types of society and their main features: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Answer___________
AT 4 . Find in the list belowcharacteristic features of traditional society. Write down the numbers in ascending order.
- Preferential development of heavy industry
- Slow pace of social development
- Rigid, hierarchical structure of society
- Development of a system of social division of labor
- High social mobility of the population
- Predominance of the agricultural sector in the economy
Answer____________
AT 5 . Read the text below, each sentence of which is numbered. Determine which sentences are: 1) actual character; 2) nature of value judgments
(A) Globalization, according to a number of authors, in order to achieve its goals must destroy traditional foundations, traditional sociality, and traditional culture. (B) We believe that this is a kind of post-social unification of people and in this sense it is difficult to talk about any connections between globalization and culture as such. (B) Globalization replaces culture itself with its civilizational simulator - industrially produced mass culture. (D) It seems that globalization does not imply any interest in the problems of human culture and spirituality.
Answer__________
AT 6 . Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing. Select from the list below the words that need to be inserted in place of the releases. There are more words in the list than you need.
“The characterization of society as ______ (1) involves the study of its internal structure. Its main elements are _______ (2) social life and social institutions. There are economic, social, political and spiritual spheres. All of them are closely interconnected, as they support the necessary ______ (3) of society. _______ (4) solve important social problems in each area. They ensure the production and distribution of various types of ________ (5), as well as the management of the joint ________ (6) people.”
Answer________________
AT 7 .Find in the list providedfeatures of Western civilization. Write down the numbers in ascending order.
- Consumer attitude towards nature
- Respect for traditions and laws
- Reliance on life experience, observational data and intuition
- Diversity of norms of social behavior
- Development of fundamental scientific theories
- Conservatism
Answer___________________
Answers:
Natural or ambient |
|
Automation |
|
21121 |
|
2212 |
|
BDAZGI |
|
Part B.
A1. A characteristic feature of an industrial society is
1) widespread use of non-economic forced labor
2)weakness and underdevelopment of democratic institutions
3) the predominance of collective consciousness over individual
4) the predominance of private ownership
A2. Are the following statements about traditional society true?
A. Respect for customs, norms that have evolved over centuries, and the predominance of collective principles over private principles distinguish traditional society.
B. In a traditional society, individual human abilities are highly valued, initiative and enterprise are encouraged.
A3. The process of familiarization with the values of human society, knowledge about the world accumulated by previous generations is called
1) science 2) art 3) education 4) creativity
A4. . Are the following judgments about the ways and forms of social development correct?
A. In a traditional society, law as a regulator of social relations has not yet developed; its place was taken by unwritten traditions and customs.
B. In a post-industrial society, the industrial revolution is completed, mass production is formed.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A5. . Are the following statements about the process of globalization correct?
A. All global processes are a consequence of increased international contacts.
B. The development of mass communication makes the modern world holistic.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A6.. Are the following judgments about social progress true?
A. Modern ideas about social progress confirm its inconsistency.
B. The concepts of “progress” and “regression” are relative.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A7. Are the following judgments about global problems of humanity correct?
A. Today there is a real threat to the survival of humanity as a biological species.
B. In order to survive, humanity must seriously take care of the environment.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A8. Are the following statements true?
A. “The last exploitative system, capitalism, as a result of the intensification of the class struggle, must inevitably be replaced by a socialist system, and then
communist".
B. “Capitalism is eternal and indestructible, because humanity has not come up with anything more perfect, corresponding to human nature.”
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A9. From the point of view of Marxism-Leninism, history was made under the influence of:
higher unknowable forces 2) economic processes
outstanding personalities - leaders, dictators, etc. 4) changes in the cultural life of societies
nations, religious communities is carried out:
in the economic sphere 2) in the political sphere 3) in the spiritual sphere 4) in the social sphere
for the development of world religions
to improve the household, the life of people and ancient times
on the surrounding nature, the relationship between nature and society
on the cultural environment
A. “The natural environment surrounding man recedes before the artificial environment, but ultimately man needs more of the latter.”
B. “For modern man, the artificial environment can replace the natural environment.”
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A13. Unlike nature, society
1) is a system 2) is in development
3) acts as a creator of culture 4) develops according to its own laws
A14. Modern post-industrial society is characterized by a leading role
1) mining industry 2) manufacturing industry
3) agriculture 4) information and information technology
A15. Are the following statements about the process of globalization correct?
A. The development of mass communication makes the modern world holistic.
B. All global problems are a consequence of economic integration.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A16. A community of persons united by needs and interests that can be best satisfied only through joint efforts and joint activities is called:
conglomerate 2) society 3) system 4) queue
1) unity and struggle of opposites 2) change of socio-economic formations
class struggle 4) “challenge - response”
1)A. Camus 2) D. Bell 3) O. Spengler 4) G. Plekhanov
A19. What characteristic is inherent in a nation as an ethnic community?
1) national identity 2) federal government structure
3) presence of a national army 4) separation of powers
A20. Which feature refers to a traditional society?
1) predominance of routine technologies 2) rapid development of industry
3) introduction of scientific achievements into production 4) intensive development of information technology
A21. The essence of the problem of “North” and “South” is
1) depletion of natural resources 2) gap in the level of economic development of regions of the planet
3) the formation of a network of international terrorist organizations 4) the growth of cultural diversity
A22. Are the following judgments about the interaction of spheres of public life correct?
A. Processes occurring in one sphere of social life, as a rule, do not affect the processes occurring in other spheres.
B. Outstanding works of art can be created during periods of economic crises and political upheaval.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
A23. Highlighting the main elements of society, their interrelation and interaction, scientists characterize society as
1) system 2) part of nature 3) material world 4) civilization
A24. The global problems of the modern world include
1) the emergence of new interstate associations 2) the completion of the industrial revolution
3) a significant gap between the levels of development of the regions of the planet 4) intensive development of science
A25. Are the following statements true about different types of societies?
A. In an industrial society, individual characteristics of a person are highly valued, initiative and enterprise are encouraged.
B. Respect for customs, norms that have developed over centuries, the predominance of the collective principle over the private principle distinguishes post-industrial society from industrial society.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are incorrect
Part B.
IN
Society
1.
Write down the word missing in the diagram
traditional
informational
AT 2. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, are associated with the concept of “progress”. Find and indicate a term not related to the concept of “progress”.
Social reform; stagnation; social revolution; community development; modernization.
Answer________________
AT 3. Establish a correspondence between the forms of social progress and their characteristic features: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column
Answer__________
AT 4. features of eastern civilization
Entering into the inner spiritual life
The priority of economics in solving public problems
Contemplative attitude towards nature
Accelerated pace of life
Strictness of behavioral regulators
Variety and rapid change of artistic styles
AT 5. Read the text below, each sentence of which is numbered. Determine which sentences are: 1) actual character ; 2) nature of value judgments
(A) Downplaying the danger of a new world war in modern conditions is unjustified. (B) According to official information, there are about 70 thousand nuclear weapons on Earth. (B) Calculations show that this arsenal is capable of completely destroying life on the planet. (D) We believe that an appeal to the world community with a call for disarmament is extremely necessary.
Answer__________
AT 6. Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing. Select from the list below the words that need to be inserted in place of the releases. There are more words in the list than you need.
“______(1) modern scientists call the process of formation of a single humanity. The world economy and the world system _______(2) are actively developing, common ideas about the optimal socio-political structure are being introduced, ______ is spreading (3). Globalization is _______ (4) a process that has both positive and negative impacts on the development of modern humanity. On the one hand, the formation of ______ (5) society is taking place, on the other, economic disagreements between Western countries and the countries of the “third world” are intensifying, and the problem of ______ (6) is worsening. »
Answer____________
AT 7. Find in the list below social phenomena. Write down the numbers in ascending order.
The emergence of the state
Genetic predisposition of a person to certain diseases
Creation of new drugs
Formation of nations
Human ability to sense the world