Presentation on the topic of positive sociology of Comte. Auguste Comte

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division of sociology

theory of progress Study of the individual, family, society

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Comte considered the main task of positive philosophy to be the transformation of society, during which sociocracy would be established: on the basis of social solidarity of capitalists and proletarians, and the petty bourgeoisie should disappear. Governance in such a society should be secular (bankers, industrialists and farmers) and spiritual (priests of the positive church).

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Four forces in sociocracy

carriers of concentrated power are the patricians (bankers, merchants, manufacturers, landowners). The patrician ensures consistency of development and carries out financial and economic management. positivist priests; They are in charge of education, upbringing, and correction of criminals. dispersed force - the proletariat; makes the transition to an industrial system. women are the personification of morality, the embodiment of feeling. In the interaction of these four forces, order and progress, and the moral improvement of society will be ensured. In a state built on positive principles, duties, not rights, should prevail. According to Comte, rights only undermine the peace of society.

Sociologist Auguste Comte Prepared by: 4th year student, group C10403 Maria Dvoryankova. Contents: Biography Stages in the work of Auguste Comte Teachings of Auguste Comte Society of the third stage The first social - scientific concept State and law List of sources Biography Auguste Comte (1798 - 1857) was born in the French city of Montpellier in the family of a financial official. From 1807 to 1814 he studied at the Lyceum of this city. In the last years of his studies, despite his young age, he became interested in liberal and revolutionary ideas. Then he moves to Paris, and is one of the best in the competition to enter the Higher Polytechnic School (where he receives a systematic education in the field of natural sciences). The next important stage in Comte's life was 1817 - 1824. when he works as Saint-Simon's secretary, being both his employee and friend. During this period, Comte published several short articles relating to various social problems. From 1829 to 1842 he wrote the main work of his life, “A Course in Positive Philosophy” in six volumes. The first volume was published in 1830. In this book he develops the principles of classification of sciences, positive philosophy and sociology. Let us note that the last three volumes of the “Course” lay out the foundations of “social physics” (sociology). The fourth volume talks about the need to study sociological laws, and the fifth and sixth volumes formulate the main (according to Copt) of them - the law of three stages. In 1844, the sociologist published Discourse on the Spirit of Positive Philosophy. In 1848 - 1851. - “Discourse on Positivism in General”, in 1851 - “Positivist Catechism” (instruction, teaching, most often in the form of questions and answers), in 1851 - 1854. - "Positive Policy System". In 1848, Comte created the “Positivist Society,” whose task was to educate and educate the people in the spirit of a positivist worldview. In the last years of his life, he often gave lectures to workers, in which he harshly condemned the revolutionary actions of the Parisian proletariat. Comte died on September 5, 1857 in Paris, surrounded by students in a house on Rue Monsieur-le-Prince. Stages in the work of Auguste Comte Main article: Positivism of Auguste Comte. The first period (1819 - 1828, almost completely coincides with the time of his collaboration with Saint-Simon), characterized by the publication of six small programmatic works - “opuscules”: Comte develops the latest ideas of Saint-Simon, designates the most important of his own ideas, which he will subsequently develop : the idea of ​​the special role of scientists in the new society; distinguishing between two main eras in the development of mankind (critical and organic); the concept and principles of “positive politics”; "law of three stages" Second period (1830 - 1842): The 6-volume “Course of Positive Philosophy” is published, the philosophical and scientific foundations of a positive worldview are developed, the inclusion of the human and social world in the general system of the universe, the subordination of human affairs to the natural course of things and the orientation of sociology towards the natural sciences are substantiated. Third period (1845 - 1857): “The System of Positive Politics, or a Sociological Treatise Establishing the Religion of Humanity”, “Positivist Catechism”, “Subjective Synthesis” are published. Positivism is considered by Comte as a doctrine in which intellectual, scientific elements are subordinated to moral, religious and political ones. The social world is considered as a product of human feelings, will and activity. The teachings of Auguste Comte Scientific knowledge, according to Comte, is the highest level of development of knowledge. The most valuable type of knowledge is scientific (positive) - reliable, accurate, useful. Metaphysics, on the contrary, is inaccurate, unreliable, and useless. Comparing numerous utopian projects for creating an ideal society with the exact predictions of physics, he came to the conclusion that it is necessary in the social sciences to abandon utopias and begin to study specific facts of social life, carefully describe, systematize and generalize them. He rejected philosophy as imposing its own principles. Therefore, he considered the task of positive philosophy to be the description, systematization and classification of specific results and conclusions of scientific knowledge. Science should not ask why a phenomenon occurs, but only limit itself to describing how it occurs. Society of the third stage According to Comte, in the new positive society there will be classes of entrepreneurs (managers) and workers. There is a strict hierarchy within this society. Property is in the hands of manufacturers, farmers, bankers, merchants, for whom it is a debt, an obligation, and not a right. They have the “necessary social function” of creating and managing capital and creating jobs. The spiritual and ideological problems of this society are dealt with by philosophers - positivists and scientists. Political power lies with bankers who take advice from professionals. Comte assumed that with such an organization society would improve and self-correct. This is a rigid, closed, self-regulating system, where each element performs its function. The basic law of Comte's sociology is “love as a principle, order as a basis, progress as a goal.” The first socio-scientific concept According to Comte, sociology (social physics) establishes the laws of social development. He divides sociology into: social statics - a section of the positive science of society - studies the conditions of its stable existence, the specific composition and interrelation of parts, as well as the main social institutions - family, religion, state; deals with stable (“natural”) conditions of existence of any social system; institutions and conditions - family, division of labor, cooperation..., which are common and identical for societies of any era; the basic law of social statics is that it explores the relationship between various aspects of life (economic, political, cultural); studies the laws of order. social dynamics - a theory of historical social development, based on faith in the progress of the mental development of mankind and the recognition of the natural passage of stages of its development; studies the laws of social development - the laws of progress, changes in evolutionary stages. State and Law The purpose of the state is “to unite private forces for a common purpose and to prevent the fatal tendency to fundamental divergence in ideas, feelings and interests.” The state ensures social harmony through the use of material and spiritual means, government regulations (coming from secular and spiritual authorities), adherence to which is the sacred duty of every member of society. Comte considered the main task of positive philosophy to be the transformation of society, during which sociocracy would be established: on the basis of social solidarity of capitalists and proletarians, and the petty bourgeoisie should disappear. Governance in such a society should be secular (bankers, industrialists and farmers) and spiritual (priests of the positive church). List of sources O. Comte: a brief biographical sketch // Sociology Comte, Auguste // Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia CONTE, AUGUSTE // Encyclopedia Around the World AUGUSTE COMTE (1798 - 1857)// Great thinkers

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