If we don't want to lose our children. Interview with priest Andrei Voronin
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Pedigree list: Gorenko Andrey Yakovlevich
Generation 1 ___
1. Gorenko Andrey Yakovlevich (About 1784-?)
Gender: male. Great-grandfather in the direct male line, Andrei Yakovlevich Gorenko, as can be seen from his
a formal list preserved in the files of the Department of Heraldry of the Governing Senate6,
came from serf peasants of the landowner Orlov, from the village of Matusovo, Cherkasy district of Kyiv
provinces. He was born around 1784. In December 1805, as a result of conscription, he joined the army as a private.
41st Jaeger Regiment. As part of this regiment, he participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1806-1812, first in
Wallachia, then in Bulgaria. In 1810, he distinguished himself “in defeating the enemy near the Temruk River and taking
the captivity of the commander of the Turkish army, the three-bunchuzh Pasha Pehlivan, and his officials.”
In the summer of 1812, the regiment was transferred to the war with Napoleon. Andrey Gorenko took part in the battle under
Red, and then at the "village of Borodino he was in a general battle, for which he has a silver
medal." Having completed the entire foreign campaign with the regiment, "1814, March 18 near the city of Paris in the battle
was "and for taking it he was also awarded a silver medal. In March 1813, Andrei Yakovlevich
Gorenko was promoted to non-commissioned officer, and in December 1815 received the rank of ensign, thereby earning
the most noble dignity (personal, not hereditary). We only know about his wife that her name was
Maryana. A metric certificate has been preserved, which states that on August 7, 1818, “at
non-commissioned officer of the Jaeger Regiment Andrei Yakovlevich Gorenko and his wife Mariyana had a son, Anthony" -
Akhmatova's grandfather.
Died
Around 1784: Born
1818: Anton is born (2-1)
Spouse: ...Maryana....
Generation 2 ___
2-1. Gorenko Anton Andreevich (1818-1891)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 73. Akhmatova’s paternal grandfather was Anton Andreevich
Gorenko, born on August 7, 1818. At the age of 14 he was a cabin boy of the Black Sea Artillery School, at 20 -
non-commissioned officer of the 2nd training naval crew in Sevastopol. In 1842 he became an ensign, in 1851 -
second lieutenant During the Crimean War, as stated in his official list, he “participated in the defense
Sevastopol. Was in actual battle on October 5, 1854 at the Nikolaev battery at
repelling the attack of the united enemy fleet." In 1855 he was awarded the Order of St. Anne 3rd
degree, and in 1858 - St. Vladimir of the 4th degree, thereby he acquired hereditary nobility and was
included in the second part of the genealogy book of the nobles of the Tauride province. By 1864 he was a staff captain,
caretaker of the Sevastopol Naval Hospital; in 1882 - major, superintendent of port lands and gardens
in the Sevastopol. Died in 1891. He was married to the daughter of Lieutenant Ivan Voronin - Irina (1818-1898).
Father of nine children
1818: Born. Father: Gorenko Andrey Yakovlevich, mother: ... Maryana....
1846: Mary is born (3-2)
1848: Andrey is born (4-2)
1850: Peter is born (5-2)
1852: Leonid was born (6-2)
1854: Anna is born (7-2)
1856: Mikhail is born (8-2)
1858: Vladimir is born (9-2)
1861: Nadezhda is born (10-2)
1862: Eugenia is born (11-2)
1891: Died
Spouse: Voronina Irina Ivanovna, life expectancy: 80.
1818: Born
1898: Died
Generation 3 ___
3-2. Gorenko Maria Antonovna (1846-?)
Female gender.
Died
Got married
1846: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
Husband: Tyagin Alexey Alekseevich.
4-2. Gorenko Andrey Antonovich (1848-1915)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 67.
Got married. Wife 1.
Got married. Wife 2.
Leonid was born (18-4(2))
Got married. Wife 3.
Got married. Wife 4.
1848: Born. Mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna, father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich.
1875: Nikolai was born (19-4(3))
1878: Anton is born (20-4(3))
1885: Inna was born (12-4(1))
1887: Andrey is born (13-4(1))
1889: Anna is born (14-4(1))
1892: Irina was born (15-4(1))
1894: Iya is born (16-4(1))
1896: Victor is born (17-4(1))
1915: Died
Wife 1: Stogova Inna Erasmovna (2f), life expectancy: 78.
Got married. Husband: Zmunchilla... (1m).
1852: Born. Father: Stogov Erasm Ivanovich, mother: Motovilova Anna Egorovna.
1930: Died
Wife 2: ....
Wife 3: Vasilyeva Maria Grigorievna (1f).
Wife 4: Akhsharumova Elena Ivanovna (3f). widow of Rear Admiral Strannolyubsky
5-2. Gorenko Pyotr Antonovich (1850-1894)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 44. It is known that the third child, Pyotr Andreevich Gorenko (b.
16.1.1850), in 1864 he studied at the Simferopol gymnasium. He died on February 13, 1894 in
Sevastopol with the rank of titular councilor at the age of 44 from “pulmonary consumption”. The funeral service took place
February 14 in the Church of All Saints, burial in the city cemetery (possibly in the family crypt)
1850: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
1894: Died
6-2. Gorenko Leonid Antonovich (1852-1891)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 39.
1852: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
1891: Died
7-2. Gorenko Anna Antonovna (1854-?)
Female gender.
Got married
Died
Mikhail was born (21-7)
Boris is born (22-7)
Vladimir was born (23-7)
Leo born (24-7)
Vera was born (25-7)
Anton was born (26-7)
1854: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
1893: Anna is born (27-7)
Husband: Soloveichik Sergei Mikhailovich.
8-2. Gorenko Mikhail Antonovich (1856-?)
Gender: male.
Died
1856: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
9-2. Gorenko Vladimir Antonovich (1858-?)
Gender: male.
Married
Zinaida was born (28-9)
Died
1858: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
1887: Constantine is born (29-9)
Wife: ... Nadezhda Dmitrievna.
10-2. Gorenko Nadezhda Antonovna (1861-About 1922)
Gender: female, life expectancy: 61.
1861: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
Circa 1922: Died
11-2. Gorenko Evgenia Antonovna (1862-1926)
Gender: female, life expectancy: 64. Evgenia Antonovna (by her husband Arnold) in 1882 was
subject to secret surveillance due to the discovery of her correspondence with N.A. Zhelvakov (who shot 18
March 1882 in Odessa by the verdict of the "People's Will" military prosecutor V.S. Strelnikov and executed
together with S.N. Khalturin). In 1884, at her apartment in St. Petersburg, according to the gendarmerie
management, meetings of the Youth Union of the Narodnaya Volya party took place. Later she became
doctor, lived in Sevastopol and Odessa34. Died in 1927
Got married
Olga was born (30-11)
Irina was born (31-11)
Nadezhda was born (32-11)
Anton was born (33-11)
1862: Born. Father: Gorenko Anton Andreevich, mother: Voronina Irina Ivanovna.
1926: Died
Husband: Arnold Anatoly Maximilianovich. married Anatoly Maximilianovich Arnold,
student at the St. Petersburg Mining Institute, later an official in the chancellery
Sevastopol mayor, member of the city government.
Generation 4 ___
12-4(1). Gorenko Inna Andreevna (1885-1906)
Gender: female, life expectancy: 21.
Got married
1885: Born. Father: Gorenko Andrey Antonovich, mother: Stogova Inna Erasmovna (2f).
1906: Died
Husband: Stein Sergey Vladimirovich.
13-4(1). Gorenko Andrey Andreevich (married to a cousin) (1887-1920)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 33.
Married
Kirill (Teta) was born (34-13)
1887: Born. Father: Gorenko Andrey Antonovich, mother: Stogova Inna Erasmovna (2f).
1920: Died
09/30/1920: Andrey was born (35-13)
Wife: Zmunchilla Maria Alexandrovna.
1939: Died
14-4(1). Gorenko (Akhmatova) Anna Andreevna (1889-1966)
Gender: female, life expectancy: 77.
Got married. Husband 1.
Got married. Husband 2.
Got married. Husband 3.
1889: Born. Father: Gorenko Andrey Antonovich, mother: Stogova Inna Erasmovna (2f).
10/01/1912: Leo was born (36-14(1))
1966: Died
Husband 1: Gumilyov Nikolai Stepanovich, life expectancy: 35.
Got married. Wife: Engelhardt-Gumileva Anna Nikolaevna.
04/03/1886: Born
1919: Elena is born
08/26/1921: Died
Husband 2: Punin Nikolai Nikolaevich, life expectancy: 65.
Got married. Wife: Arens Anna Evgenievna.
1888: Born. Father: Punin Nikolai, mother: ....
1921: Irina was born
1953: Died
Husband 3: Shileiko Vladimir Kazimirovich.
15-4(1). Irina (1892-1896)
Gender: female, life expectancy: 4.
1892: Born. Father: Gorenko Andrey Antonovich, mother: Stogova Inna Erasmovna (2f).
1896: Died
16-4(1). Gorenko Iya Andreevna (1894-1922)
Gender: female, life expectancy: 28. Lived in Sevastopol with her mother died of tuberculosis
1894: Born. Father: Gorenko Andrey Antonovich, mother: Stogova Inna Erasmovna (2f).
1922: Died
17-4(1). Gorenko Viktor Andreevich (1896-1976)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 80.
Married
1896: Born. Father: Gorenko Andrey Antonovich, mother: Stogova Inna Erasmovna (2f).
1924: Inna was born (37-17)
1976: Died
Wife: Raitsyn Hanna Vulfovna, life expectancy: 83.
1896: Born
1979: Died
18-4(2). Galakhov Leonid...
Gender: male.
Was born. Mother: ..., father: Gorenko Andrey Antonovich.
19-4(3). Gorenko Nikolay (1875-1885)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 10.
1875: Born. Mother: Vasilyeva Maria Grigorievna (1f), father: Gorenko Andrey Antonovich.
1885: Died
20-4(3). Gorenko Anton Andreevich (1878-?)
Gender: male.
Died
1878: Born. Mother: Vasilyeva Maria Grigorievna (1f), father: Gorenko Andrey Antonovich.
21-7. Soloveichik Mikhail Sergeevich
Gender: male.
22-7. Soloveichik Boris Sergeevich
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Soloveychik Sergey Mikhailovich, mother: Gorenko Anna Antonovna.
23-7. Soloveichik Vladimir Sergeevich
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Soloveychik Sergey Mikhailovich, mother: Gorenko Anna Antonovna.
24-7. Soloveichik Lev Sergeevich
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Soloveychik Sergey Mikhailovich, mother: Gorenko Anna Antonovna.
25-7. Soloveichik Vera Sergeevna
Female gender.
Born. Father: Soloveychik Sergey Mikhailovich, mother: Gorenko Anna Antonovna.
Got married
Husband: Bogomolov...
26-7. Soloveichik Anton Sergeevich
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Soloveychik Sergey Mikhailovich, mother: Gorenko Anna Antonovna.
27-7. Soloveichik Anna Sergeevna (1893-1927)
Gender: female, life expectancy: 34.
Got married. Husband 1.
Galina was born (38-27(1))
Tatiana was born (39-27(1))
Got married. Husband 2.
1893: Born. Father: Soloveychik Sergey Mikhailovich, mother: Gorenko Anna Antonovna.
1923: Eduard was born (40-27(2))
1927: Died
Husband 1: Mindalevich Ananiy....
Husband 2: Stefan Kowalski..., life expectancy: 53.
1885: Born
1938: Died
28-9. Gorenko Zinaida Vladimirovna
Female gender.
Born. Father: Gorenko Vladimir Antonovich, mother: ... Nadezhda Dmitrievna.
29-9. Konstantin (1887-1891)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 4.
1887: Born. Father: Gorenko Vladimir Antonovich, mother: ... Nadezhda Dmitrievna.
1891: Died
30-11. Arnold Olga Anatolyevna
Female gender.
31-11. Arnold Irina Anatolyevna
Female gender.
Born. Father: Arnold Anatoly Maximilianovich, mother: Gorenko Evgenia Antonovna.
32-11. Arnold Nadezhda Anatolyevna
Female gender.
Born. Father: Arnold Anatoly Maximilianovich, mother: Gorenko Evgenia Antonovna.
33-11. Arnold Anton Anatolevich
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Arnold Anatoly Maximilianovich, mother: Gorenko Evgenia Antonovna.
Generation 5 ___
34-13. Gorenko Kirill (Teta) Andreevich (?-01.1920)
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Gorenko Andrey Andreevich (married to a cousin), mother: Zmunchilla Maria
Alexandrovna.
01.1920: Died
35-13. Gorenko Andrey Andreevich (09/30/1920-1976)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 55.
Married
09/30/1920: Born. Mother: Zmunchilla Maria Alexandrovna, father: Gorenko Andrey Andreevich (married to
cousin).
1976: Died
Wife: Kosara Kondiliya....
36-14(1). Gumilyov Lev Nikolaevich (01.10.1912-15.06.1992)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 79.
Married
10/01/1912: Born. Father: Gumilyov Nikolai Stepanovich, mother: Gorenko (Akhmatova) Anna Andreevna.
06/15/1992: Died
Wife: Simonovskaya Natalya Viktorovna, life expectancy: 84.
02/09/1920: Born
09/04/2004: Died
37-17. Inna (1924-1927)
Gender: female, life expectancy: 3.
1924: Born. Mother: Raitsyn Hanna Vulfovna, father: Gorenko Viktor Andreevich.
1927: Died
38-27(1). Mindalevich Galina Ananyevna
Female gender.
Got married
Woman born (41-38)
1935: Yuri was born (42-38)
Husband: Semyon Polozov..., life expectancy: 77.
1907: Born
1984: Died
39-27(1). Mindalevich Tatyana Ananyevna
Female gender.
Born. Father: Mindalevich Ananiy..., mother: Soloveychik Anna Sergeevna.
Got married
Woman born (43-39)
Husband: Nesterov Ivan....
40-27(2). Kovalsky Eduard Stefanovich (1923-1987)
Gender: male, life expectancy: 64.
Married
Gennady was born (44-40)
Born Male (45-40)
1923: Born. Father: Kovalsky Stefan..., mother: Soloveichik Anna Sergeevna.
1987: Died
Wife: ... Elena....
2001: Died
Generation 6 ___
41-38. Polozova...
Female gender.
Born. Father: Semyon Polozov..., mother: Mindalevich Galina Ananyevna.
Got married
Husband: Korneev...
42-38. Polozov Yuri Semenovich (1935-?)
Gender: male.
Died
1935: Born. Father: Semyon Polozov..., mother: Mindalevich Galina Ananyevna.
43-39. Nesterova...
Female gender.
Born. Father: Nesterov Ivan..., mother: Mindalevich Tatyana Ananyevna.
Got married
Husband: Kirpichnikov....
44-40. Kovalsky Gennady Eduardovich
Gender: male.
45-40. Kowalski...
Gender: male.
Was born. Father: Kovalsky Eduard Stefanovich, mother: ... Elena....
Report generation date: 10/10/2017
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Pedigree of Anna Andreevna Akhmatova
I have no pedigree at all,
In addition to sunny and fabulous...
"Poem Without a Hero"
The question may arise: is such a study necessary? Does it make sense to be interested in the ancestors of outstanding people, including wonderful poets? No one has proven that talent and, in particular, the “mysterious gift of song” can be inherited. On the contrary, everything that we know about the relatives of the great poets indicates rather the opposite. The example of Vasily Lvovich Pushkin and his brilliant nephew is nothing more than an exception that confirms the rule.
Anna Andreevna Akhmatova also thought about this. In her later autobiographical notes, she notes that “no one in the family, as far as anyone can see, wrote poetry, only the first Russian poetess Anna Bunina was the aunt of my grandfather Erasmus Ivanovich Stogov”1. In fact, as we will see later, this is not entirely accurate. And that’s probably not the point. The point is not to look for the roots of poetic talent in our ancestors. Another thing is important - to feel and understand those diverse living connections that can have the nature of attraction or repulsion, but which are always one way or another, consciously or unconsciously, stretched from ancestors to descendants, influencing the formation of their personality.
The historical self-awareness of each person arises initially - even in childhood - as a consciousness of belonging to a certain family, clan, and only then - to a certain social stratum, nation, etc.
Those historical processes and the events in which our parents and ancestors participated are for each of us a special, most intimate section of Russian history. You not only read about them, but also hear stories from parents and relatives. These events and phenomena acquire such details that you cannot read about in any book; they are seen from an unusual angle and acquire a special emotional coloring.
It is well known how keenly and deeply Pushkin was interested in his genealogy, and how significantly it was reflected in his work. And, apparently, it is no coincidence that the outstanding historian Academician S.B. Veselovsky dedicated a special study to Pushkin’s ancestors2. Alexander Blok, who in his poem “Retribution” revealed a whole layer of Russian social life in the last third of the 19th century, placed the family of his parents and grandfather at the center of this lyrical-epic narrative. Blok’s genealogy was studied in detail by one of his first biographers, V.N. Knyazhnin3. Additional data about Blok’s ancestors was published by M.A. Kruglova4.
Akhmatova idolized Pushkin, and considered Blok “not only the greatest European poet of the first quarter of the twentieth century, but also a man of the era, that is, the most characteristic representative of his time”5. And it seems to us that the question of what was Akhmatova’s attitude towards her ancestry, how real family ties, family legends and traditions were refracted in her work, cannot be indifferent to everyone who is interested in both Akhmatova’s work and Akhmatova as a person.
The goal of this research is to find out, based on archival and printed sources, the real pedigree of A.A. Akhmatova and compare it with the poetic pedigree embodied in her poems and autobiographical prose.
Anna Andreevna Gorenko, known throughout the world under the literary pseudonym Akhmatova, had, like each of us, four great-grandfathers and four great-grandmothers. The great-grandfather in the direct male line, Andrei Yakovlevich Gorenko, as can be seen from his formal list, preserved in the files of the Department of Heraldry of the Governing Senate6, came from the serf peasants of the landowner Orlov, from the village of Matusovo, Cherkassy district, Kiev province. He was born around 1784. In December 1805, as a recruit, he joined the 41st Jaeger Regiment as a private. As part of this regiment, he participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1806-1812, first in Wallachia, then in Bulgaria. In 1810, he distinguished himself “in defeating the enemy at the Temruk River and capturing the commander of the Turkish army, the three-bunchu Pasha Pehlivan, and his officials.” In the summer of 1812, the regiment was transferred to the war with Napoleon. Andrei Gorenko took part in the battle near Krasnoye, and then at “the village of Borodino he was in a general battle, for which he received a silver medal.” Having completed the entire foreign campaign with the regiment, “on March 18, 1814, he was in battle near the city of Paris” and for its capture he was also awarded a silver medal. In March 1813, Andrei Yakovlevich Gorenko was promoted to non-commissioned officer, and in December 1815 he received the rank of ensign, thereby earning noble dignity (personal, not hereditary). We only know about his wife that her name was Maryana. A birth certificate has been preserved, which states that on August 7, 1818, “a son, Anthony, was born to non-commissioned officer of the Jaeger Regiment Andrei Yakovlevich Gorenko and his wife Mariyana” - Akhmatova’s grandfather.
Akhmatova’s second great-grandfather on the paternal side was, as can be seen from the grandfather’s formal list, Lieutenant Ivan Voronin, whose daughter Irina was married to Anton Andreevich Gorenko. Akhmatova's great-grandfathers on her father's side were of humble origin and achieved the nobility in military service. Maternal great-grandfathers - Ivan Dmitrievich Stogov and especially Egor Nikolaevich Motovilov were well-born nobles. Vivid portraits of both of them were drawn by Akhmatova’s grandfather Erasm Ivanovich Stogov in his memoirs published in the magazine “Russian Antiquity”7.
The Stogovs descended from the Novgorod boyars. This circumstance was remembered by Akhmatova, entered deeply into her consciousness and was embodied in a poem written in 1916:
Calm and confident love
Do not overcome me to this side:
After all, a drop of Novgorod blood
In me - like a piece of ice in foamy wine.
According to family legends, the Stogovs’ ancestors were evicted from Novgorod by Ivan the Terrible and settled in Mozhaisk district. By the end of the 18th century they became poor. Akhmatova’s great-great-grandfather, Dmitry Dementievich Stogov, owned the small estate of Zolotilovo, Mozhaisk district, Moscow province, and two dozen peasants. His son Ivan Dmitrievich (Akhmatova’s great-grandfather), who owned Zolotilov inseparably with his brothers, persistently tried to substantiate the antiquity of the noble family of the Stogovs. However, he was unable to prove the origin of his family from Fyodor Vasilyevich Stogov, who, according to the scribe books of 1627, owned estates in Mozhaisk district and Beloozero. The Moscow provincial noble parliamentary assembly recognized the origin of I.D. Stogov only from his grandfather, Dementy Artemyevich, who acquired Zolotilovo by purchase. In January 1804, I.D. Stogov was issued a letter indicating that “he and his family were included in the Noble Genealogy Book of the Moscow Province, in the first part of it”8. The first part of the genealogical books included, as is known, families who were granted nobility between 1685 and 1785.
Dmitry Dementievich Stogov, according to the testimony of his grandson Erasmus, was known among his neighbors as a sorcerer, he knew how to charm bleeding and dissuade headaches. All three of his sons - Mikhail, Ivan and Fedor - served in military service under Suvorov, and Ivan was allegedly his “permanent orderly”9. From the official list of Ivan Stogov it is clear that in 1789 he took part in the capture of Gadzhibey, and then fought on the Danube on ships of the Black Sea Rowing Fleet10. Having retired as a second lieutenant in 1796, Ivan Dmitrievich Stogov until old age served in Mozhaisk by election - mayor, judge, treasurer. He died in 1852, 86 years old.
According to his son Erasmus, Ivan Dmitrievich Stogov “all his life he had no taste for vodka and wine, did not touch cards, was extremely religious, observed fasts to the point of asceticism, everyone knew him as an honest and completely unselfish person. "He read the press freely, but not the civil press very quickly, and he considered it sinful to read a civil book. A smile was a rare guest. In dangerous cases, he was extremely brave. He had an extremely hot-tempered character, and was inexorably strict, even cruel, over those who depended on him."11 ; flogged his son mercilessly. He was married to the daughter of the Ruza district treasurer Maxim Kuzmich Lomov - Praskovye. According to Erasmus Stogov, Maxim Lomov died in old age from grief that “the French took Moscow.”
Akhmatova’s great-grandmother Praskovya Maksimovna Lomova (1781-1832), as her son Erasmus recalled, was known as the first beauty in Ruza district. She knew a little bit of literacy (she wrote in block letters, not observing spelling). She was very kind, everyone loved her, only her husband was rude and cruel to her. Pregnant with her seventeenth child, she fell from a droshky and died in childbirth. Most of their children died in early childhood; three sons and four daughters survive. Ivan Dmitrievich Stogov gave his sons outlandish names: Erasmus, Iliodor and Epaphroditus. All of them graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps in St. Petersburg and became naval officers12. Their formal lists have been preserved in the Russian State Archives of the Navy.
A.A. Akhmatova’s second great-grandfather on her mother’s side, Egor Nikolaevich Motovilov (1781-1837), was a noble and wealthy Simbirsk landowner. He traced his family back to Fyodor Ivanovich Shevlyaga, the brother of Andrei Ivanovich Kobyla, the founder of the royal house of the Romanovs13. Egor Motovilov owned the Tsilna estate, 60 versts from Simbirsk, and several hundred peasants. In his youth, he briefly served as an artilleryman in the Caucasian garrisons, and after retiring in 1801 with the rank of lieutenant, he settled on his estate14. He was known as a homebody, unsociable, a proud and independent man.
His wife Praskovya Fedoseevna was born Akhmatova. Her maiden name and Anna Andreevna chose it as a literary pseudonym, created in her imagination the image of a “Tatar grandmother,” introduced it into her poetry, and made it part of her poetic biography. “I received rare gifts from my Tatar grandmother; / And why was I baptized, / She was bitterly angry...” Akhmatova wrote in “The Tale of the Black Ring” in 1917.
Even in her adolescence, Anna Andreevna could read about her maternal ancestors in the memoirs of her grandfather Erasm Ivanovich Stogov. When his notes were published in Russian Antiquity, Tsarskoe Selo high school student Anna Gorenko was 13-14 years old. She already wrote poetry and was a thoughtful, impressionable girl. From her grandfather’s memories, supplemented, probably, by her mother’s stories, Anya Gorenko could have learned for the first time that her great-grandmother’s maiden name was Akhmatova. This surname somehow struck her and was compared in her mind with school ideas about Khan Akhmat, about the end of the Horde yoke. All her life A.A. Akhmatova was convinced that the blood of the khans of the Golden Horde flowed in her veins; she repeatedly recalled and wrote about this. Thus, in her autobiographical essay “The Beginning,” written in the late 1950s, Akhmatova reported: “They named me Anna in honor of my grandmother Anna Egorovna Motovilova. Her mother was a Chingizid, Tatar princess Akhmatova, whose last name, without realizing that I was going to be Russian poet, I made it my literary name"15.
In reality, Praskovya Fedoseevna Akhmatova was, of course, not a Tatar princess, but a Russian noblewoman. The Akhmatovs are an old noble family, probably descended from serving Tatars, but Russified a long time ago. Kirill Vasilievich Akhmatov also took part in the Kazan campaign of Ivan the Terrible; two Akhmatovs were stewards under Peter I. The direct ancestors of Praskovya Fedoseevna were included in the 6th (most ancient) part of the genealogy book of the nobles of the Simbirsk province and descended from Stepan Danilovich Akhmatov, who was established at the end of the 17th century in the city of Alatyr16. There is no information about the origin of the Akhmatov family from Khan Akhmat or from the Khan’s family of Chingizids in general. The Akhmatovs never bore the princely title. And yet, the family legend preserved in the memory of Anna Akhmatova may have some real basis. The fact is that Praskovya Fedoseevna’s mother, Anna Yakovlevna, before her marriage bore the surname Chegodaev and, in all likelihood, came from the family of Tatar princes Chegodaev17. Of course, it is impossible to prove the origin of the Chegodaev (Chagataev) princes, first mentioned in the 16th century, from the son of Genghis Khan Chagatai (Dzhagatai), who died in 1242. However, most likely, it was these genealogical data that still needed careful verification that could serve as the basis for the legend about the relationship of Akhmatova’s ancestors with the descendants of the khans of the Golden Horde.
Praskovya Fedoseevna and Yegor Nikolaevich Motovilov died in 1837, marrying their daughter Anna to Erasmus Stogov.
Anna Akhmatova's maternal grandfather Erasm Ivanovich Stogov lived a long and stormy life. He was born on February 24, 1797 in the family estate of Zolotilovo, Mozhaisk district, and died on September 17, 1880, 83 years old, in the acquired estate of Snitovka, Letichevsky district, Podolsk province (now Khmelnitsky region of Ukraine). Judging by his memoirs, published in Russian Antiquity, he was not devoid of literary talent.
As a boy of about six, he was sent to be raised in the Luzhetsky Monastery near Mozhaisk. He stayed there for a year and a half and, in his words, “learned nothing.” When he was eight years old, he was sent to his neighbor and distant relative, the wealthy landowner Boris Karlovich Blank. Blank’s mother-in-law, Varvara Petrovna Bunina, lived with her, who, according to E.I. Stogov, “was somehow related to us.” Her sister, Anna Petrovna Bunina, a famous poetess at that time, came to see her. Erasmus called her “aunt,” but in reality she was a distant relative of him*18, and not his own aunt, as A.A. Akhmatova believed. In 1807, A.P. Bunina took Erasmus with her to St. Petersburg and, through her brother Ivan, enrolled him in the Naval Cadet Corps. After graduating from the corps, Erasmus Stogov served for 20 years in Eastern Siberia and Kamchatka, commanded ships, left very interesting notes about life on this distant outskirts of Russia, the life of local residents, the situation of soldiers and convicts, and gave a vivid description of representatives of the local administration and clergy.*19
Returning to St. Petersburg in 1833, E.I. Stogov met L.V. Dubelt and soon achieved a transfer from the navy to the gendarmes. At the beginning of 1834, he was appointed staff officer of the gendarme corps in Simbirsk. He considered the three years spent in this service to be the happiest time of his life. “In Simbirsk I was rightfully the first, and my word had weight and meaning.” With disarming frankness, he tells in his notes how he blackmailed Governor A.I. Zagryazhsky and finally achieved his dismissal, how he resolutely suppressed peasant unrest, with what pleasure and unshakable confidence in his rightness he was engaged in intrigues and surveillance, of course, solely “for the sake of the good of our neighbors and the Fatherland."
There, in Simbirsk, E.I. Stogov married the daughter of the landowner Motovilov, Anna Egorovna. This is how he himself describes his marriage. First of all, using his official knowledge, he compiled a list of 126 “magnanimous” brides, i.e. having a dowry of at least 100 souls. Then he began to collect detailed information about each of them. Finally, he chose the daughters of Yegor Motovilov. I went to see him in Tsilna. A modest house. Two daughters - Anna and Alexandra. He sat, looked, listened, and at the end of the conversation asked his parents to give him their eldest daughter for him.
“You couldn’t possibly know my daughter?” asked the surprised Motovilov.
- Sorry, I’m a gendarme, I have to know everything and I do.
- But I have to tell you that we don’t know you.
“This is the truth: I let you find out about me, and I will report to you that I am an excellent person in all respects.”
Four days later, the Motovilovs agreed to the wedding.
“Then I approached the bride.
“I’ve settled things with your parents,” I said, “the matter remains up to you.”
“I don’t know you at all,” she answered.
- Is there anything disgusting about me?
“No,” she answered.
- In that case, let’s go to the icon and cross ourselves.
And as soon as she crossed herself, I quickly kissed her and said: now it’s over with you, now you are my bride.”20.
In 1837, Stogov was appointed head of the office of the Kyiv Governor-General D.G. Bibikov. He parted with Simbirsk with sadness. “Farewell, my dashing activity! I was in my place both in ability and in character. I was loved by the whole society, did no harm, but stopped abuses quietly, without noise, and tried to correct, and not destroy”21.
After this “dashing activity,” the service in Kyiv seemed insipid to him, although, as he wrote, from 1837 to 1851 he was “the closest person under Bibikov.” Having retired in 1851, Erasmus Stogov settled in the Snitovka estate, Podolsk province, which he had purchased. He was over 70 years old when he began writing his memoirs, which, even during his lifetime, began to be published in “Russian Antiquity” under the general title “Essays, Stories and Memoirs of E... ...va.” After the death of E.I. Stogov, the editor of “Russian Antiquity” M.I. Semevsky published his “Posthumous Notes” with his full signature. In 1903, Stogov's memoirs were again published in Russian Antiquity in a significantly expanded edition. In general, E.I. Stogov’s notes are distinguished by outstanding literary merits and at the same time represent a valuable historical source worthy of special study22. On the frontispiece of the 7th issue of “Russian Antiquity” for 1903 there is an engraved portrait of E.I. Stogov by G.I. Grachev. A plump, large old man with a fleshy nose, thick eyebrows, and a thick beard looks out from the portrait. The left eyebrow is strongly raised. Thick lower lip. Bags under the eyes. Warts on the face. The facial expression is domineering and unkind.
Additional information about E.I. Stogov was provided by his daughter Iya Erasmovna (in marriage - Zmunchilla) in a letter to M.I. Semevsky, written after the death of her father. Semevsky published excerpts from this letter in Russian Antiquity. According to Stogov’s daughter, “the ideal of his entire life was the late Nicholas I; he put him at an unattainable height and worshiped him diligently and ardently. Father was always in a good mood, spoke, joked and laughed very willingly. With all strangers, without distinction rank, position and fortune, he was always attentive, kind and friendly. He always prayed long and diligently, but did not favor the clergy. He enjoyed enviable health. He never drank a drop of wine. With his children, his father was always very strict and demanding. Luxury and He strictly pursued entertainment, but the children were always cheerful. When his daughters grew up, he became their indulgent friend, and he was infinitely kind and affectionate towards his grandchildren. Six years ago, that is, in 1874, the father married off his last daughter and gave him to us deed of gift for your estate (about 4,000 dessiatines)"23.
Erasm Ivanovich Stogov's wife Anna Egorovna, nee Motovilova, was born in 1817, died around 1863, leaving her husband, who survived her by 17 years, a son and five daughters, the youngest of whom, Inna Erasmovna, later became the mother of Anna Andreevna Akhmatova.
According to family legends, E.I. Stogov cursed his only son, Iliodor, for disobedience, kicked him out of the house and disinherited him. In 1882, Iliodor Erazmovich Stogov held the modest position of a German language teacher at the Poltava Real School24. E.I. Stogov married all his daughters to neighbors on the estate: Anna - to Viktor Modestovich Vakar, Alla - to Vladimir Timofeevich, Iya - to Alexander Grigorievich Zmunchilla, Zoya - to Lev Demyanovsky25. According to family legend, the youngest of the sisters, Inna Erasmovna, was also married to Zmunchilla, apparently the brother or nephew of Alexander Grigorievich, the husband of her older sister Iya.
Family ties between the families of E.I. Stogov’s daughters remained very close many years after his death. In Anna Gorenko's letters to her husband early deceased sister Inna*26 - Sergei Vladimirovich von Stein, sent from Kyiv in 1906-190727, repeatedly mentions uncle and aunt Vakar, with whom Anya stayed during the Christmas holidays; cousin Nanichka - Maria Alexandrovna Zmunchilla, in whose house Anya lived when she graduated from the Kyiv Fundukleevsky gymnasium; “cousin Demyanovsky” - apparently Grigory Lvovich; "cousin Sasha" - Alexander Vladimirovich Timofeevich. Relatives on the father's side are also mentioned, although much less frequently, in particular, "Aunt Masha" - the elder sister of the father, Maria Antonovna.
Akhmatova’s paternal grandfather was Anton Andreevich Gorenko, born on August 7, 1818. At the age of 14 he was a cabin boy at the Black Sea Artillery School, at 20 he was a non-commissioned officer of the 2nd training naval crew in Sevastopol. In 1842 he became an ensign, in 1851 he became a second lieutenant. During the Crimean War, as stated in his official list, he “participated in the defense of Sevastopol. He was in the actual battle on October 5, 1854 at the Nikolaev battery when repelling an attack by a united enemy fleet.” In 1855 he was awarded the Order of St. Anna, 3rd degree, and in 1858 - St. Vladimir, 4th degree, thereby acquiring hereditary nobility and was included in the second part of the genealogical book of nobles of the Tauride province. By 1864 he was a staff captain, caretaker of the Sevastopol Naval Hospital; in 1882 - major, superintendent of port lands and gardens in Sevastopol. Died in 1891. He was married to the daughter of Lieutenant Ivan Voronin - Irina (1818-1898). Father of nine children28.
According to family legend, Anton Gorenko was married to a Greek woman, from whom Anna Andreevna allegedly inherited her characteristic profile. In one of her autobiographical notes dating back to the early 1960s, Anna Akhmatova wrote: “Ancestors: 1) Genghis Khan. Akhmat (the last khan of the Golden Horde. 2) ancestors - Greeks, most likely - sea robbers"29. It can be assumed that the “Greek ancestors” are as legendary as the “Tatar grandmother”. In any case, Akhmatova’s paternal grandmother, Irina Ivanovna Voronina, in all likelihood, was not Greek. It is possible, however, that it was not the grandmother who was Greek, but Akhmatova’s great-grandmother, the wife of Lieutenant Ivan Voronin, whose name we do not know.*30
Akhmatova's father, Andrei Antonovich Gorenko, was born in Sevastopol on January 13, 1848. He was the second child in the family and the eldest of the sons. When he was ten years old, his father sent him as a cadet to the Black Sea Navigation Company. In the XIII part of the General Maritime List (St. Petersburg, 1907), the formal list of A.A. Gorenko was published, from which we learn that at the age of 14 he was transferred to cadet, and in 1868, at the age of 20, he was promoted to conductors of the corps of mechanical engineers of the Black Sea Fleet. In 1869-1870 he was on a voyage abroad. Upon his return, he received his first officer rank. In 1875, with the rank of midshipman, he was appointed full-time teacher at the Naval School in St. Petersburg. He advanced slowly in his career. Only in 1879, at the age of 31, he was promoted to lieutenant and awarded the Order of St. Stanislaus, 3rd degree. Simultaneously with teaching at the Maritime School, A.A. Gorenko was engaged in social activities. In particular, his speech on January 7, 1881 at a meeting of the IV branch of the Imperial Technical Society with sharp criticism of the activities of the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade had a wide resonance. The newspaper "Nikolaevsky Vestnik" reported that A.A. Gorenko “based on accurate information and data gleaned from the reports of the company itself, proved the criminal negligence with which it conducts its maritime operations” 31.
In mid-1881, A.A. Gorenko’s service almost ended. The Police Department case “On the political unreliability of lieutenants Andrei Gorenko and Gavrilov and midshipman Kulesh”, begun on April 14, 1881, has been preserved32. The essence of the matter boiled down to the fact that Andrei Gorenko, as it turned out from his intercepted letters, convinced his friends in Nikolaev to enter into fictitious marriages in order to free the girls “from the swamp of the suffocating atmosphere of their parents’ home.” The matter was set in motion. At the very end of April (literally on the eve of his resignation), the Minister of Internal Affairs, Count M.T. Loris-Melikov, informed the head of the Naval Ministry that the teacher of the Naval School, Lieutenant Andrei Gorenko, was considered politically unreliable. It is difficult to understand what political motive the shaken dictator saw in the words and actions of Lieutenant Gorenko. Apparently, Loris-Melikov, accused at that time of being soft and unruly, which is why Alexander II allegedly died, decided to show firmness and vigilance in this case. An investigation began, the results of which were reported by Director of the Police Department V.K. Pleve to N.P. Ignatiev, who replaced Loris-Melikov as Minister of Internal Affairs. Plehve asked the minister to allow the initiation of “special proceedings against Lieutenant Gorenko to investigate his harmful direction with the aim of then submitting an administrative expulsion in accordance with Articles 33 and 34 of the Regulations on Measures to Protect State Order.” Ignatiev imposed a resolution: “I agree. September 25, 1881.” 33-year-old Lieutenant Gorenko was in serious trouble. However, none other than the head of the agents of the St. Petersburg security department, G.P. Sudeikin, who was gaining strength at that time, stood up for him. The report he submitted stated that the initial information about Gorenko’s unreliability was not confirmed, and during a search of his apartment, nothing criminal was found. The investigation, however, continued for another year, during which A.A. Gorenko was suspended from teaching at the Naval School.
On September 21, 1882, P.N. Durnovo, who at that time managed the judicial department of the Police Department, in response to a request from the inspectorate department of the Naval Ministry, reported that “the investigation due to the complete lack of data to accuse Lieutenant Gorenko was terminated without any consequences for him, and then the Department of State Police does not have any information that discredits Andrei Gorenko politically. Likewise, there are also no indications unfavorable for Andrei Gorenko regarding his relationship with his sisters Anna and Evgenia, who live in Sevastopol and drew attention to their unreliability, the former as being attracted to inquiry in 1874 and 1878 regarding her relations with famous state criminals Solovyov and Ivanchin-Pisarev, and the second - as having, according to the testimony of the father of the executed state criminal Zhelvakov, in written relations with his son."
Andrei Gorenko's younger sisters were indeed directly related to the populist movement of the 1870-1880s. Anna Antonovna Gorenko was brought to trial in 1874 in the famous “case of the 193” participants in the “walk among the people”, was subjected to secret police surveillance, then arrested in 1879 on suspicion of harboring A.I. Ivanchin-Pisarev, released on bail ; in 1882-1883 was a member of the St. Petersburg People's Will circle33.
Evgenia Antonovna (by her husband Arnold) was subjected to secret surveillance in 1882 due to the discovery of her correspondence with N.A. Zhelvakov (who shot and killed military prosecutor V.S. Strelnikov on March 18, 1882 in Odessa following the verdict of Narodnaya Volya and was executed together with S.N. Khalturin). In 1884, at her apartment in St. Petersburg, according to the gendarmerie administration, meetings of the Youth Union of the Narodnaya Volya party took place. Later she became a doctor and lived in Sevastopol and Odessa34. Died in 1927
As for Andrei Antonovich Gorenko, the matter, which threatened very serious consequences, ended quite happily for him. This unexpected and sharp turn in the “Gorenko case”, which was also carried out not without the participation of G.P. Sudeikin, involuntarily raises suspicions whether this “king of provocation”, who at that time weaved a network of secret agents around the remnants of the “People's Party”, was trying to recruit him. will". We were unable to find reliable data that would confirm this suspicion. A. A. Gorenko still had to part with the Naval School and the military fleet in general. On October 24, 1882, he was "discharged for service in the merchant navy." Three years later he re-enlisted on active duty and sailed as chief navigator on the schooner Redut-Kale in the Black Sea.
In March 1887, at the age of 39, Andrei Antonovich finally retired from the navy with the next rank of captain of the 2nd rank and settled with his family in Odessa. So the information given by A.A. Akhmatova in her autobiographical note “Briefly about myself”: “I was born on June 11 (23), 1889 near Odessa (Bolshoi Fontan). My father was at that time a retired naval mechanical engineer”35, are quite true.
In the 1880s, the name of Andrei Gorenko appeared quite often on the pages of both special publications and provincial newspapers in the South of Russia. In the works of the Society for the promotion of Russian industry and trade, his articles were published on the organization of a pension fund for sailors and on the establishment in Odessa of a government inspection for the qualification examination of ships, following the example of the English Lloyd's. A.A. Gorenko’s literary activity was not limited to professional problems. The newspaper "Odessa News" in 1888-1889. indicates his name in the list of its main employees. During these years, Odessa News published reviews of the memoirs of Garibaldi, the novels of A. Dode and F. Shpilhagen signed by A. G. We can agree with the assumption of the Odessa local historian R. A. Shuvalov that they, in all likelihood, belong to the author father of Anna Akhmatova36.
In 1890, Andrei Antonovich Gorenko with his wife Inna Erasmovna and children Inna, Andrei and Anna returned from Odessa to St. Petersburg. In 1891, he is listed in the "Address Calendar" as an official of special assignments of the State Control in the modest rank of titular adviser (corresponding to the rank of fleet lieutenant, which A.A. Gorenko had before his resignation). He advanced somewhat more successfully in the civil service than in the military. By 1898, he was a court councilor, assistant to the controller general of the Department of Civil Reports of the State Audit Office. Then he transfers to the service of the Department of Railways. In 1904, he was a state councilor, a member of the Council of the Chief Manager of the Main Directorate of Merchant Shipping and Ports (the position of chief manager was held by Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich), a member of the committee of the Society for the Promotion of Russian Industry and Trade, and a member of the board of the Russian Danube Shipping Company. As Akhmatova recalled, soon “the father did not get along with Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich and resigned, which, of course, was accepted. The children with Bonnie Monica were sent to Yevpatoria. The family broke up.”37
It is known that the marriage of Andrei Antonovich Gorenko with Anna Akhmatova’s mother Inna Erasmovna was his second marriage. The service record of Lieutenant Andrei Gorenko, compiled by January 1, 1881, states that he “was married in his first marriage to the daughter of the deceased captain Vasilyev - the maiden Maria, has children: sons - Nikolai, born May 17, 1875, and Anton, born. January 7, 1878. Wife and children of the Orthodox confession"*38. It is interesting that in the service record compiled on June 24, 1886, it is indicated that A.A. Gorenko “was married in his first marriage to the daughter of the deceased captain Vasiliev, maiden Maria Grigorievna,” and Lieutenant Gorenko personally certified this list: “I read it and it’s true”39 , although there is no doubt that by 1886 A.A. Gorenko was already actually married to Inna Erasmovna, née Stogova. At the end of 1884, their eldest daughter Inna was born.
* An incompletely clarified and almost detective story is connected with Andrei Antonovich’s second marriage and the birth of his daughter Inna. In 2000, genealogist I.I. Grezin, living in Switzerland, discovered in the metric books of the Geneva Orthodox Church of the Exaltation of the Cross an entry indicating that Inna Andreevna Gorenko “was born on December 5, 1884, baptized on January 9, 1885. Parents: Lieutenant Andrey Antonovich Gorenko and his legal wife Maria Grigorievna Gorenko, née Vasilyeva, are both Orthodox." If you believe this official document, it turns out that Inna was the daughter of Andrei Gorenko’s first wife, but at baptism she received the rarest at that time name of his future wife. The situation is implausible. It is more logical to assume that Andrei Antonovich, who was out of work at that time, traveled around Europe with Inna Erasmovna, but with a passport in which his first wife was entered, with whom he, obviously, had not yet been divorced. How this complex legal situation was subsequently resolved is unknown. But there can hardly be any doubt that Anna Akhmatova’s beloved older sister, Inna, was her own, and not her half-sister. In the birth certificate of her son Andrei on September 23, 1887, Inna Erasmovna is already listed as the legal wife of Andrei Antonovich Gorenko.
In 1905, Andrei Antonovich left his second family, which by this time numbered three daughters and two sons, and connected his life with Elena Ivanovna Strannolyubskaya (nee Akhsharumova), the widow of his teaching comrade at the Naval School, the famous teacher Rear Admiral A.N. Strannolyubsky, who died in 1903. Inna Erasmovna took the children to Evpatoria, and then to Sevastopol. Anna Gorenko was 16 years old at that time. In her letters to S.W. von Stein, written one and a half to two years after her parents’ divorce, her dislike for her father is clearly felt. Informing Stein in February 1907 about her decision to marry N.S. Gumilyov, she asks: “What do you think dad will say when he finds out about my decision? If he is against my marriage, I will run away and secretly marry Nicolas . I can’t respect my father, I never loved him, why on earth would I obey him?”40.
After 1910, when Anna Andreevna, having married N.S. Gumilyov, again settled in Tsarskoe Selo, her meetings with her father, apparently, were episodic. However, when in the summer of 1915 her father became seriously ill, Anna Andreevna was constantly with him, caring for the patient together with E.I. Strannolyubskaya. On August 26, 1915, a short announcement appeared in the newspaper “Novoe Vremya”: “On August 25, after a short but serious illness, Andrei Antonovich Gorenko died, which the family of the deceased informs with deep sorrow. Memorial service at the apartment of the deceased (Srednyaya Nevka Embankment, 12) Burial on the 27th"41. Akhmatova’s father was buried at the Volkov cemetery. His grave has not survived.
Information about the appearance and character of Andrei Antonovich Gorenko is scarce and fragmentary. Akhmatova herself in her notes only mentions that her father called her a “decadent poetess” in childhood,42 and in another place she says that he was “a good father, but a bad husband.”
Younger brother Anna Akhmatova, Viktor Andreevich Gorenko, recalled that his father was “a terrible spendthrift and was always after women”43. Viktor Andreevich’s wife, Hanna Vulfovna Gorenko, from the words of her mother-in-law, characterizes Andrei Antonovich as “a man of unusually tall stature, very handsome, personable, with a great sense of humor, powerful, loving life, and enjoyed great success with women”44.
Ariadna Vladimirovna Tyrkova (1869-1962), publicist and prominent figure in the Cadet Party, also remembers Andrei Antonovich Gorenko. She knew the Gorenko family from Tsarskoe Selo. According to her, Anna Akhmatova's father "was good man and a very intelligent person. Loved to live. He courted, and not without success, all the pretty women he met. He was a big theatergoer. He once told me: I am not an envious person, but I am terribly jealous of those who can kiss Duse’s hand. Anna inherited from her father his important posture and expressive face. She didn't have his cheerfulness. And my father’s greed for life, perhaps, was there. There was not a shadow of the poetic concentration with which Anna was enveloped. By what law of heredity did such a clever woman, such an original, deeply talented and charming woman come from this family? Gorenko the father did not appreciate his daughter’s talent. She told me that when she signed her first published poem - Anna Gorenko, the father boiled and made a scene for his daughter: I forbid you to sign like that. I don't want you to talk about my name..."45.
Judging by the memoirs of M.V. Kamenetskaya, A. A. Gorenko was familiar with her mother A. P. Filosofova, a famous philanthropist and activist for women’s education, and met in her
Chernykh Vadim AlekseevichCultural monuments. New discoveries. Yearbook, 1992. M., 1993. pp. 71-84.
Notes:
* This article was written 14 years ago. Since then, new information has appeared about the ancestors and close relatives of Anna Akhmatova. Additions made to the article are marked with an * in the main text and in the notes.
1. Akhmatova A. Works: In 2 vols. M., Hood. literature, 1990. T. 2. P. 270.
2. Veselovsky S.B. Family and ancestors of Pushkin in history // New World. 1969. No. 1-2. ; the same in his book: Studies on the history of the class of service landowners. M., 1969. P. 39-139.
3. Knyazhnin V. Alexander Alexandrovich Blok. Petersburg, 1922.
4. Kruglova M.A. To the history of the A.A. family Blok // Soviet archives. 1981. No. 5. P. 67-69.
5. See: Zhirmunsky V.M. The work of Anna Akhmatova. L., 1973. P. 55.
6. RGIA, f. 1343, op. 19, no. 3271, l. 6-8.
7. [Stogov E.I.] Essays, stories and memories of E... va // Russian antiquity. 1878. No. 6 - 12; It's him. Posthumous notes // Ibid. 1886. No. 10; It's him. Notes // Ibid. 1903. No. 1 - 8.
8. Historical archive of Moscow, f. 4, op. 7, no. 70, 71.
9. Russian antiquity. 1886. No. 10. P. 83.
10. Historical archive of Moscow, f. 4, op. 7, d. 70, l. 8.
11. Russian antiquity. 1903. No. 1. P. 134.
12. General maritime list. Part 8. St. Petersburg, 1894. pp. 254-255; Part 11. St. Petersburg, 1900. P. 632.
13. encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus and Efron. T. 39. P. 43.
14. RGIA, f. 1343, op. 25, no. 5933.
15. Akhmatova A. Works: In 2 vols. T. 2. P. 269.
16. Savelov L.M. Pedigree records. Vol. 1. M., 1906. P. 88-89; RGIA, f. 1343, op. 16, building 3255.
17. See: Generational painting of the family of princes Chagadayev, descendants of Prince Khozyash Chagadayev-Sakansky. // RGIA, f. 1343, op. 51, no. 725, l. 15-48; Sivers A.A. Genealogical research. Vol. 1. St. Petersburg, 1913. P. 80-84; Pazukhin A.A. Pedigree of the Pazukhins and genealogical materials of the Pazukhinsky archive. St. Petersburg, 1914. P. 65-66; Blagova G.F. Turkic chahataj - Russian chagatai / jagatai: Experience of comparative study of old borrowing // Turkological collection. 1971. M., 1972. S. 167-205.
*18. . Anna Petrovna Bunina was the sister of Mikhail Petrovich Bunin, who was married to the sister of Ivan Dmitrievich Stogov, the great-grandfather of A.A. Akhmatova.
*19. Unfortunately, the chapters about E.I. Stogov’s stay in Siberia and the Far East were not included in the greatly abridged reissue of his Notes: E.I. Stogov. Notes of a gendarme staff officer from the era of Nicholas I. / Edition prepared by E.N. Mukhina. M.: Indrik, 2003.
20. Russian antiquity. 1903. No. 7. P. 53-56.
21. Ibid. P. 62.
22. See: Chernykh V.A. Erasmus Stogov and his “Notes” // Social consciousness, bookishness, literature of the period of feudalism. - Novosibirsk, 1990. P. 331-336.
23. Russian antiquity. 1886. No. 10. P. 125-127.
24. Address-calendar... for 1882. St. Petersburg, 1882. Part 1. Column. 427.
25. Kralin M. Younger brother // Star. 1989. No. 6. P. 150. Compare: Guldman V.K. Local land ownership in the Podolsk province. 2nd ed. Kamenets-Podolsky, 1903 (according to the index).
*26. Inna Andreevna Gorenko died on July 15, 1906 in Lipitsa near Tsarskoe Selo. See: New time. No. 10899. July 18 (31), 1906
27. New world. 1986. No. 9. P. 199-207.
28. Maria was born in 1846, Andrey - 1848, Peter - 1850, Leonid - 1852, Anna - 1854, Mikhail - 1856, Vladimir - 1858, Nadezhda - 1861, Evgenia - 1862. See: RGIA, f. 1343, op. 19, building 3270, l. 3-6.
29. Notebooks of Anna Akhmatova (1958-1966). M.-Torino, 1996. P.81.
*thirty. Additional information about Anton Andreevich Gorenko and his family is contained in the article: Shevchenko S.M., Lyashuk P.M. The Gorenko family in Sevastopol: New data on the genealogy of Anna Akhmatova // Domestic archives. 2003. No. 4. Reprinted in the book: Anna Akhmatova: era, fate, creativity. Vol. 3. Simferopol, 2005. P.153-159. In Sevastopol, at the city cemetery, the tombstone of Anton Andreevich Gorenko and his wife Irina Ivanovna has been preserved. up 31. Nikolaevsky Bulletin. 1881. N 6. January 17.
32. GARF, f. 102, III D-vo, no. 537.
33. Figures of the revolutionary movement in Russia: Bio-bibliographic dictionary. T. II. Vol. 1. M., 1929. Stlb. 297-298. up 34. Ibid. T. III. Vol. 1. M., 1933. Stlb. 120.
35. Akhmatova A. Works. T. 2. P. 266.
36. See: Shuvalov R. Father of the poet // Evening Odessa. 1989. June 14. I consider it necessary to inform that the author of the note used the information provided to him by me, without citing the source.
37. Haight A. Anna Akhmatova: A Poetic Journey; Diaries, memoirs, letters of A. Akhmatova. M., 1991. P. 218. up *38. Russian State Administration of the Navy, f. 406, Op. 3. Book. 848. No. 45. S. Shevchenko and P. Lyashuk established that Nikolai Andreevich Gorenko died on December 25, 1885 at the age of 11 (see title of the work, p. 156). We do not have information about the fate of Anton Andreevich Gorenko (junior).
39. Russian State Administration of the Navy, f. 417, op. 4, no. 2775.
40. New world. 1986. No. 9. P. 203.
41. A more lengthy obituary was published in the Odessky Listok newspaper on September 7, 1915. See: Anna Akhmatova. Tens of years. / Comp. R.D. Timenchik and K.M. Polivanov. M., 1989. P. 10-11.
42. Akhmatova A.A. Essays. T. 2. P. 275.
43. Anna Akhmatova. Poems, correspondence, memories, iconography. Ann Arbor, 1977.
44. Anna Akhmatova. Tens of years. S. 8.
45. Ibid. P. 31.
46. Collection in memory of Anna Pavlovna Filosofova. Pg., 1915. T. 1. P. 265.
47. RSL, Czech. 41.18.
48. RSL, f. 218, 1351. 17.
49. Akhmatova A. Works. T. 2. P. 270.
*50. Recently T.V. Myazdrikova discovered in the Egorov-Alexandrov family archive a photograph of young Inna Erasmovna with a note on the back: “Cousin Inna Erasmovna Zmunchilla,” made by the hand of her cousin, V.K. Alexandrov (son of E.I. Stogov’s sister Anastasia). See: Myazdrikova T.V. About one old photograph: Portrait of Anna Akhmatova’s mother // Anna Akhmatova: era, fate, creativity. Crimean Akhmatov scientific collection. Vol. 3. Simferopol, 2005. pp. 160-164. Thus, the surname of the mother’s first husband A.A. Akhmatova can be considered confirmed, but his identity has not yet been established.
51. RNL, f. 1073, No. 1794.
52. See: Chukovsky K.I. Collection op. M., 1967. T. 5. P. 729-738; Dobin E.S. Poetry of Anna Akhmatova. L., 1968; Zhirmunsky V.M. The work of Anna Akhmatova. L., 1973.
53. See: Zhirmunsky V.M. The work of Anna Akhmatova. P. 165.
54. Akhmatova A. Works. T. 2. P. 272.
55. Ibid. P. 281. up
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Gorenko in Sevastopol
I spent every summer near Sevastopol, on the shore of Streletskaya Bay, and there I became friends with the sea. The strongest impression of these years was ancient Chersonesus, near which we lived." This is how Anna Akhmatova recalled her first meetings with our city. As a seven-year-old girl, she first came here to the house of her grandfather Anton Andreevich Gorenko.
IN last years A number of publications have appeared that allow us to learn more about the poet’s connections with Sevastopol.
One of them (V.K. Katina (Evpatoria). Sevastopol possessions of the Gorenko family // Anna Akhmatova: era, fate, creativity: Crimean Akhmatova scientific collection. - Issue 4. - Simferopol: Crimean Archive, 2006. - P.214 -217.) posted on the thread "A.L. Berthier-Delagarde": http://forum.sevastopol.info/viewtopic. ...sc&start=0
Shevchenko S.M., Lyashuk P.M.
The Gorenko family in Sevastopol: new data on the genealogy of Anna Akhmatova
Anna Andreevna Gorenko, later the outstanding Russian poetess Anna Akhmatova, in 1896-1916. often visited Sevastopol in the house of her grandfather, Anton Andreevich Gorenko, who lived on Ekaterininskaya Street, 12.
Anton Andreevich is the first representative of the Gorenko family, whose stay in Sevastopol is confirmed by documents. V. Lobytsyn and V. Dyadichev in the article “Three Generations of Gorenko” claim that “his entire life and service were spent” in this city. However, the fact of the birth of Anton Gorenko in Sevastopol on August 7, 1818 is not documented. From 1832 to 1842, Anton Andreevich served as a cabin boy at the Black Sea Artillery School, then as a non-commissioned officer in the 2nd training naval crew, which was stationed in Nikolaev. And only after being promoted to ensign on April 19, 1842 and assigned to the 13th last crew, A. Gorenko arrived in Sevastopol. By decree of the Governing Senate addressed to the Chief of the Main Naval Staff, Prince A.S. Menshikov for No. 4482 at the request of his father, ensign of the Nikolaev Naval Prison Companies Andrei Gorenko, on the basis of Article 25 of Volume 9 of the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire, Anton Gorenko had already received hereditary nobility, although he was born into the family of a “non-commissioned officer of the Jaeger Regiment.” This happened on March 22, 1840. As a rule, until June 11, 1845, only children born after their father received his first officer rank received hereditary nobility, and the rest were enrolled in the special class of “chief officer children.” However, if the officer did not have any male children born after receiving his officer rank, he had the opportunity to transfer the right of hereditary nobility to any of the sons born before that. This is what happened to Anton Gorenko. Thus, the information provided by V.A. Chernykh in the pedigree of Anna Akhmatova about A. A. Gorenko receiving hereditary nobility in 1858, after being awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree for 25 years of service in the chief officer ranks, is incorrect.
Recent research conducted on the basis of documents from the State Archives of Sevastopol allows us to introduce new information about the history of the Gorenko family into scientific circulation.
On November 8, 1844, in the Admiralty Cathedral of Sevastopol, ensign of the 13th last crew, Anton Andreevich Gorenko, was married to the girl Irina Ivanovna Voronina, daughter of the ensign of the 2nd military workers' prison battalion. The bride and groom indicated that they were 26 years old, both Orthodox, and were married for the first time. A year and a half later, on June 21, 1846, the first child was born in the Gorenko family - daughter Maria. Her godfather On June 24, 1846, Vasily Stepanovich Kharichkov became lieutenant colonel.
The second child in the family and the eldest of five sons, Andrei, was born on January 13, 1848 in Sevastopol. The successor of the future father of Anna Andreevna Gorenko in the metric book of the Admiralty Cathedral on January 25, 1848, was recorded as the commander of the 13th fin crew, Colonel B.C. Kharichkov. In the same cathedral on January 29, 1850, Pyotr Gorenko, born on January 16 of the same year, was baptized.
Before the start of the first defense of the city, a son, Leonid, and a daughter, Anna, were born on February 2, 1852, in the family of second lieutenant Anton Andreevich Gorenko. They were baptized in the Peter and Paul Church of the Naval Hospital in Sevastopol.
After the landing of the allied troops in Crimea from September 13, 1854 to June 18, 1855, second lieutenant of the 4th fin crew of the Black Sea Fleet (since 1851) A. Gorenko was in the garrison of besieged Sevastopol. From Anton Andreevich’s service record it is known that he was not “wounded or captured by the enemy.” “He was in actual battle on October 5, 1854 at the Nikolaev battery (the area of the modern Primorsky Boulevard and water station) when repelling the united enemy fleet against the Sevastopol coastal fortifications and on October 24, 1854 in enhanced reconnaissance against enemy fortifications on the Inkerman Heights (in the Battle of Inkerman )". What position Second Lieutenant Gorenko performed in Sevastopol has not yet been established. Last crews belonged to non-combatant teams and were used in the city garrison to deliver cargo on last ships, restore fortifications, transport the wounded, etc. For his contribution to the defense of the city, Anton Andreevich was “most graciously awarded on the 13th day of April 1855 the Order of St. Anne, 3rd degree with bow and swords as a reward for excellent bravery and courage.”
On June 17, 185 5, a “land transport” set out from Sevastopol to Nikolaev with wounded lower ranks of the Naval Department “in the amount of 247 ranks with the naval medic Dovgyalo and the guard of the 4th last crew, Second Lieutenant Gorenko.” According to official information, “there were no deaths along the way; 18 patients were left in different places due to weakness. Arrived in Nikolaev on June 28.”
Until the end of the defense of Sevastopol, Gorenko did not return to the city. It can be assumed that Anton Andreevich’s family was also in Nikolaev at that time. Until the end of 1861, he served in Nikolaev, first as “senior adjutant on the headquarters of the chief of the division of the Black Sea Fleet (1857-1859), and then as senior adjutant on the headquarters of the chief of the division of the Black Sea naval crews (1860).” At the end of 1860, lieutenant of the fin crews Anton Gorenko was appointed caretaker of the Sevastopol naval hospital, and he returned to Sevastopol again, this time for good.
At the beginning of 1864, staff captain Anton Gorenko submitted a petition to Emperor Alexander II to include him and his family in the genealogical book of the Tauride province. After consideration of the petition, by Decrees of the Governing Senate for the Department of Heraldry No. 2869 of May 12, 1864 and No. 3326 of September 15, 1865, Anton Andreevich, his wife Irina Ivanovna, as well as sons Andrei, Peter, Leonid, Mikhail and Vladimir were approved as hereditary nobles Simferopol district of the Tauride province and included in the 2nd part of the genealogical book. This gave some privileges for children, primarily when placing them in certain educational institutions and during further professional activities.
A. Gorenko held the position of caretaker of the Sevastopol Marine Hospital until 1873. Then he was appointed caretaker of state lands and gardens of the Sevastopol port. “Dismissed from service” A.A. Gorenko in April 1887 “with uniform and pension” as a colonel in the Admiralty.
It is not yet possible to confirm the fact of the death of Colonel Anton Gorenko on April 26, 1891, indicated in the epitaph on the gravestone of Gorenko’s family crypt in the city cemetery. In the State Archives of Sevastopol for 1891, not all registry books of all Sevastopol churches were preserved.
Portrait of Second Lieutenant A.A. Gorenko as a participant in the first defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855. mentioned under number 982 in the “Historical Catalog of the Museum of Sevastopol Defense”.
Let us turn to the fate of other members of the Gorenko family.
Anton Andreevich's wife is Irina Ivanovna (b. 1818). She died on January 4, 1898, about which her daughter, Maria Antonovna, informed her relatives and friends “with spiritual sorrow” in the newspaper “Krymsky Vestnik” on January 6, 1898. Confirmation of the fact of death was not found in the metric books of Sevastopol churches.
In the State Archive of the city of Sevastopol, materials about Maria Antonovna (b. June 21, 1846), Andrei Antonovich (b. January 13, 1848) and Anna Antonovna Gorenko (b. February 6, 1854) could not be identified.
However, it is known that the marriage of Andrei Antonovich Gorenko with Anna Akhmatova’s mother, Inna Erasmovna, was his second marriage. Andrei Gorenko was “married for the first time to the daughter of the deceased captain Vasiliev - the maiden Maria” and had “sons - Nikolai, born on May 17, 1875, and Anton, born on January 7, 1878,” about whose fate Akhmatova’s biographers knew nothing . This looks somewhat strange, since in 1910 V.I. Chernopyatov published an epitaph copied by him at the Sevastopol city Orthodox cemetery: “The son of Lieutenant Gorenko Nikolai, died on December 25, 1885 at the age of 11.”
It is known that the third child, Pyotr Andreevich Gorenko (b. January 16, 1850), studied at the Simferopol gymnasium in 1864. He died on February 13, 1894 in Sevastopol with the rank of titular councilor at the age of 44 from “pulmonary consumption.” The funeral service took place on February 14 in the Church of All Saints, burial - in the city cemetery (possibly in the family crypt).
Leonid Antonovich Gorenko (2.2.1852 - 7.1.1891) was buried in a crypt at the Sevastopol city cemetery with his father and mother. The date of death is taken from the gravestone.
Vladimir Antonovich Gorenko was born on June 3, 1858, presumably in Nikolaev. In the “Memorable Book of the Odessa Educational District for 1881” it is mentioned “as a 12th grade mathematics teacher at the Evpatoria Gymnasium with a salary of 349 rubles per year. An Orthodox Christian who received a home education, he was in office from September 21, 1879, in service from September 2, 1879.” In 1891, Vladimir Antonovich had the rank of titular councilor.
His son Konstantin, who died at the age of 4, is buried at the Sevastopol city cemetery. The epitaph from the tombstone was also published by V.I. Chernopyatov: “Infant Konstantin Gorenko, died March 25, 1891.”
Nadezhda Antonovna Gorenko (b. January 23, 1861). In the “Address-calendar of the Sevastopol city government for 1911” it is indicated that Nadezhda Antonovna Gorenko, the daughter of a colonel, lived at Malaya Morskaya, 45 (now Volodarsky Street). One of the leaders of the Sevastopol organization of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, S.A. Nikonov, in his memoirs, wrote: “Now I’ll move on to the native Sevastopol residents who took part in our organization, in addition to the youth from Melnikov’s circle, we also had numerous assistants from Sevastopol residents. Of them all, the teacher stood out the most primary school Nadezhda Antonovna Gorenko is from a family of Sevastopol old-timers... Nadezhda Antonovna belonged to the type of very modest, but extremely useful employees, ready to carry out any assignment. In addition to revolutionary activities, she had long been involved in local cultural work, mainly in terms of education (library, Sunday school, etc.) and conducted individual revolutionary propaganda among the workers. She died in 1921 or 1922.”
Evgenia Antonovna Gorenko (b. 12/18/1862) married Anatoly Maximilianovich Arnold, a student at the St. Petersburg Mining Institute, later an official in the office of the Sevastopol mayor, a member of the city government. In 1882, Evgenia Antonovna was subjected to secret surveillance due to the discovery of her correspondence with NA. Zhelvakov (who was shot on March 18, 1882 in Odessa by the verdict of “Narodnaya Volya” military prosecutor V.S. Strelnikov and executed together with S.N. Khalturin). In 1884, at her apartment in St. Petersburg, according to the gendarmerie department, meetings of the Youth Union of the Narodnaya Volya party took place. The case was dismissed on October 30, 1887 due to the failure to find factual evidence for the accusation. In 1887, Evgenia Antonovna received a medical education with the title of female doctor. She worked as a practicing doctor under the Sevastopol city administration. In the 1920s lived with her husband at st. K. Marksa, 44/46 (currently Bolshaya Morskaya Street). She died on March 15, 1926 from pneumonia and was buried in the city cemetery, as indicated in the death record. This fact clarifies the date of death of E.A. Gorenko, indicated by V.A. Chernykh (1927).
The identified documents make it possible to believe and hope that the archives still hold many secrets, the disclosure of which will eventually eliminate the “blank spots” in the genealogy of Anna Akhmatova.
1 Lobytsyn V., Dyadichev V. Three generations of Gorenko // Marine collection. - 1995. - No. 3. - P. 88.
2 Memorial book of the Maritime Department for 1853 - St. Petersburg, 1853. - P. 31.
3 BlackVA. Pedigree A.A. Akhmatova // Anna Akhmatova: era, fate, creativity. - Simferopol,
2001.-S. 5.
4 GAARC, f. 49, op. 1, d. 6887, l.1.
5 Volkov SV. Russian officer corps. - M.: Voenizdat, 193. - P. 29.
6 Chernykh V A. Decree. op. - P. 13.
7 GAGS, f. 23, op. 1, d. 39, l. 131 rev.
8 Ibid., no. 46, l. 65 rev.
9 Ibid., no. 52, l. 10 rev.
10 Ibid., no. 57, l. 9 rev.
11 Ibid., f. 11, op. 1, d. 34, l. 5 rev.
12 Ibid., no. 37, l. 5 rev.
13 GAARC, f. 49, op. 1, no. 6887, l. 5-8.
14 Marine collection. - 1855. - L» 5 (P). - Section I. - P. XLVII.
15 Marine collection. - 1855. - No. 8 (P). - Department P. - P. 471.
16 GAARC, f. 49, op. 1, no. 6887, l. 5-8.
17 Ibid.
18 Ibid., no. 6846, l. 4-5; d. 6849, l. 53.
19 Lobytsyn V., Dyadichee V. Decree. op. - P. 88.
20 Personal inspection by the authors of the Sevastopol city cemetery.
21 Historical catalog of the Museum of Sevastopol Defense. - Pg., 1914. - P. 112.
22 Crimean Bulletin - 1898 - January 6
23 BlackVA. Op. op. -WITH. 17.
24 Chernopyatov V.I. Necropolis of the Crimean Peninsula. - M., 1910.-P.105.
25 GAARC, f. 49, op. 1, no. 6887, l. 8.
26 GAGS, f. 30, op. 1, d. 29, l. 198 rev. - 199.
27 Memorial book for the Odessa educational district for 181 years. - Odessa, 1881. - P. 597.
28 GAGS, f. 30, op. 1, d. 24, l. 135 rev.
29 Ibid.
30 Chernopyatov V.I. Decree. op. - P. 105.
31 Address-calendar of the Sevastopol city administration for 1911. - Sevastopol, 1911. - P. 199.
32 Nikonov S. A. My memories. - MGOOS. - K - 10009/3. - pp. 75-76.
33 Figures of the revolutionary movement in Russia (biobiliographic dictionary). - M, 1933. - T. 3 _
Vol. (A-B).-C. 120.
34 GAGS, f. R-608, op. 1.D.64, l. 176.
Published: Domestic archives. - 2001. - No. 3; Genealogical bulletin. - 2003. - No. 14; Sevastopol: a look into the past: Collection of scientific articles by employees of the State Archive of Sevastopol. - Sevastopol, 2006. - P.302-306
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[real values] Newspaper " New life" - about the family of priest Andrei Voronin: “Six children in the Voronin family are being raised on good traditions, Orthodox foundations and parental love. [She] is known to everyone who regularly visits the Church of the Ascension in Staraya Sereda and the Chapel of the Nativity Holy Mother of God, where Father Andrey serves. For those who are fans of the work of Mother Anna and her children. The Voronins have been together for 17 years. In my youth, we often visited St. Michael’s Church to sing in the choir with Father Jerome. [He] invited Father Andrey to accept the parish. For many years, Archpriest Andrey was the rector of St. Michael the Archangel parish in the village of Mikhailovskoye, and since the end of 2007 he was transferred to the Furmanov parish. Mother Anna, a church choir director, works as a music director at a school, an orphanage, and a city youth center. For almost 14 years she led the folk chamber choir at the Central Palace of Culture. The young people [met in Nizhny Novgorod] studied together at the conservatory. The choir where Anna [sang] lacked a tenor, so she had to [perform] the male part. The regent said: “If you find [a man], you will sing the female part.” Anna had her eye on Andrey for this role. For Christmas he sang with her, and this is where their story together began. While being the rector of the church in the village of Mikhailovskoye, Father Andrey wrote and published a book about the locally revered Archimandrite Leonty (Stasevich), built a chapel over the miraculous spring, and raised the relics of [the holy elder]. Hundreds of pilgrims flocked annually to the local church, where peace, comfort, greetings from the priests and choral spiritual singing awaited them. For a year and a half now, the Voronin family has been living in Furmanovo: they were allocated an apartment. Their main work is the restoration of the destroyed Church of the Ascension of the Lord. In this, the spouses are supported by parishioners, students of local schools [and] vocational schools, and public organizations. The roof has been re-roofed. On the eve of Easter in Tutaev, 5 bells were [purchased] for the church. After [many] years of silence, the famous temple comes to life. Social life for the Voronins is not at all a tedious duty. Father Andrey is a regular guest at the city’s museums, at school classes devoted to the problems of spiritual education, the fight against drug addiction and alcoholism, at the ball of [school] medalists, at themed evenings, and is engaged in distance learning for disabled children. Mother Anna is trying to introduce the Furmanov children to the world of music, to spiritual choral singing. [Both] are regular participants in city, regional [and] Russian [festivals]. “The most musical mother” - this prize was received by Anna Evgenievna in the competition “Such different mothers”. Bishop of Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Kineshma awarded Archpriest Andrei Voronin for participation in the festival children's creativity"A Christmas gift". The administration of the Nerekhta region thanked [the spouses] for their participation in the festival of sacred and folk music dedicated to St. Pachomius of Nerekhta. Both have musical education, live by music, spiritual songs, and instill this love in their children. Father made a harp with his own hands and recorded a CD album with ancient spiritual songs performed by him. The Voronins' four children attend a local music school. They play not only folk instruments (harp, balalaika), but also traditional ones - the piano. O. Andrey makes documentaries. One of them is about drug addicts who undergo rehabilitation in one of the Orthodox parishes Ivanovo diocese. The film "My Spiritual Garden" won the main prize at the All-Russian Film Festival of Short Films "Family of Russia" [in the "Song about the Family" category]. In [it] in 2 parts, filmed 10 years apart, Father Andrei and Mother Anna, their children talk about how they live, make friends, love, how they try to keep their “spiritual garden” always fresh and bright, didn’t fade for a minute. The Voronins love to travel to their father’s homeland on the Gorky Sea and go winter fishing there. O. Andrey grew up in the countryside, so he became attached to winter, to the forest. Once upon a time he built a house, an apiary, and grew a garden with his own hands. The family honors Russian traditions; all six Voronin children are raised on them - [Alexander, Ekaterina, Ivan, Tatyana, Nina, Vasily]. Choral singing, church services, commandments and prayers - everything is familiar. [Together with their parents, children observe fasts, celebrate holidays, receive guests, stage scripts for Orthodox publications, and perform before parishioners]. “We do not necessarily try to accustom children to church rituals, services, to the Christian routine - they must come to everything themselves,” says Father Andrey. At school, the Voronins study like everyone else. The eldest, Alexander, is a tenth grader, practically already a programmer. He creates his own programs and has his own website on the Internet. Nastya is interested in "Ranetki" and participates in clubs at the [city] children's creativity center. Vanya performs at [musical shows, plays the balalaika]. [Several years ago] in the regional competition “Father of the Year,” Father Andrey was recognized as the laureate of the regional award “Best Father of the Year.” The spouses do not try to raise their children according to any particular system; there is no time for this, and there is no need for it. They teach by example. Now the Voronins live in an apartment, and the guys have more free time. But just a year ago, in Mikhailovskoye, it was [they] who were responsible for taking care of the apple orchard, the apiary, and ensuring that the stoves were heated on time. Traveling together and finding a way out of difficult psychological situations strengthens and promotes family unity. “There are 8 of us, plus a cat and fish. And all of us are not cramped, but, on the contrary, it is very joyful and bright to live in a common house,” says Mother Anna. And this, probably, is happiness." //
- Total graduates from our House on 01/01/2017. – 56 people.
- Placed in various forms of family replacement (adoption, guardianship, foster family) - 43 children.
- Returned to the birth family - 6 children.
PI "KOVALEVSKY CHILD HELP CENTER".
The Kovalevsky Children's Assistance Center (until September 2015 - the Kovalevsky Orphanage) was opened in 1996 on the basis of a decree of the head of the administration of the Kostroma region and an order from the head of the education department of the Kostroma region.
From the first days of its existence, for more than 20 years, the Orphanage has existed and developed within the framework of a private-public partnership.
UNIQUENESS The Kovalevsky Children's Assistance Center is that it is not a state institution. Subject to all the rules and requirements imposed by the state on such organizations, we minimize formalism and our wards not only live at home, but live the full home life of ordinary children.
We have historically developed friendly relations with government agencies; they exercised strict control over our activities; financial relations have always been complex and ambiguous.
The Kovalevsky orphanage is located 5 km from the urban settlement of Nerekhta, in the village of Kovalevo. Initially, it was located in a restored rural school building; in 1999, a new two-story building with apartment type accommodation was built (area 1,600 sq.m.), and in 2000, construction of a modern gym (800 sq.m.) was completed.
In the first years, the orphanage was located in the building of a former rural school, restored and reconstructed from ruins by the parishioners of the Church of the Transfiguration, whose rector was Fr. Andrey Voronin.
The life of the children in the orphanage corresponded to the generally accepted standards in the country at that time: children lived in groups formed according to age, ate in a common dining room, there was a playroom, a sports room and a study room. The children had no personal belongings, only seasonal clothes and shoes, as well as individual space - things were given out according to the season, the children lived in bedrooms with bedside tables.
It should be noted that from the moment the Kovalevsky Orphanage opened, everything possible was done for the children to make the Orphanage feel like home to them, and to make living there comfortable and happy.
But working strictly according to the “Model Regulations on an Educational Institution for Orphans and Children Without Parental Care” was not effective.
Since December 1999, the system of education and living arrangements for children in the Kovalevsky orphanage has changed radically. A new model of institution for orphans and children left without parental care began to be created. A new residential building was built with “apartment-type” accommodation: the beautiful two-story building now houses apartments where children live, there is a medical office, an office for a speech therapist, a social teacher, a psychologist, a head teacher, a room for additional classes in various subjects, and a modern children’s carpentry shop workshop, large fireplace room for celebrations and meetings of friends (real, working fireplace).
Children's Families were formed and the process of developing a new concept for the development of the orphanage, its educational and educational programs and working out all the main provisions in practice began.
The entire life of the Children's Home is built around the home church in honor of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos.
In 2000, a gym was added to the residential building, one of the best in the region, which has a modern climbing wall and tatami for wrestling, wall bars, and tennis tables.
The old building was reconstructed, which now houses a modern kitchen and dining room, a hall with the necessary carpentry equipment, a ski lodge and a storage room for sports equipment.
The children were never confined to the strict space of the Institution. They always attended city preschool organizations, studied in regular schools, studied at the city sports school, enjoyed communicating with peers and inviting friends to their home, to the Family.
All these years, the Kovalevsky Children's Assistance Center has had to maintain and maintain its own transport, because in the village. Kovalevo has only our House, no more than two dozen houses of permanent residents and, of course, excellent ecology. There is no store either; food is delivered by a food truck. But there is a bus stop and a modern street payphone. Bus service to the city of Nerekhta is carried out twice a day: in the morning and in the evening.
Work is constantly underway to improve the territory, a sports ground on the street and a small children's playground have been built, administrative and outbuildings have been erected.
In May 2014, the Government of the Russian Federation, by its Resolution No. 481 “On the activities of organizations for orphans and children left without parental care, and on the placement of children left without parental care in them,” legislated the model of the Children's Home that existed in the Kovalevsky Children's the house has been here for 17 years.
In September 2015, due to changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of protecting children's rights, the Kovalevsky Children's Home was renamed the Kovalevsky Children's Assistance Center.
At the moment, the founder of the Kovalevsky Children's Assistance Center is religious organization Kostroma diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church.
The activities of the Kovalevsky Center for Assistance to Children are based on the principles of democracy, humanism, accessibility, the priority of universal human values, citizenship, free personal development, protection of the rights and interests of students, including the secular nature of education and upbringing in the spirit of the best examples of the cultural and historical heritage of Russia. The Kovalevsky Children's Assistance Center is not a religious organization.
The concept for the development of the Kovalevsky Center for Assistance to Children from the first days of its creation included work on selecting acceptable family-replacement forms of placement for children (foster and guardianship families), including the adoption of children.
As of January 2017, there were 43 children in foster and guardianship families, including adopted ones, and 6 children were returned to their birth families.
Along with the work of placing children in families, there has always been an urgent issue of preventing the return of children from foster families to state orphanages.
For this purpose - placing children in foster families, strengthening and developing the institution of foster families - it was decided to create a cottage village for foster families within walking distance from the Kovalevsky Children's Assistance Center. Simultaneously with the construction of residential cottages, the material and technical base and administrative infrastructure of the Kovalevsky Center for Assistance to Children was strengthened in order to organize effective support for adoptive parents and their charges, and the opportunity to use the experience and all the resources of the Institution.
How we are working.
Preparing orphans and children left without parental care for independent living has always been an acute state problem. And it will be like that in our country for many, many years to come.
The traditional educational system and organization of life in government institutions with round-the-clock stay of children (orphanages and boarding schools) are inherently no longer viable and do not correspond to the tasks (rather, challenges) of the time.
The social adaptation of a child - an orphan and his socialization - as a process of integrating him into society, as a result of which his self-awareness and role behavior, his ability to self-control and to build adequate connections with others will be formed, is very difficult to successfully implement in a government institution. It is difficult, even if the student actively participates in classes in home economics clubs, culinary and carpentry clubs, in sports sections and in planned thematic weeks and events of the institution.
In the process of socialization, a child’s personality and self-awareness are formed, they learn basic social norms and skills, stereotypes and social attitudes, forms of behavior accepted in society, communication and options for various life styles - and how to do this successfully in a closed government space, with a public catering system and shared bedrooms? Life experience can only be gained by living this very life in real conditions. A child will grow most prosperously if he is given back a sense of home and family, if he is helped to build a spiritual core on which he will rely in later life, and if he is given a spiritual “compass” along which he can always find the way to the Truth and Good, even if the child goes astray in his adult life.
Often, the very organization of life for pupils in boarding schools is designed in such a way that they develop only one position - the position of an orphan who does not have support and approval in society. This role is implemented by a person throughout his life and keeps orphans in an infantile dependent position, blocking the manifestation of potential capabilities. Due to the difficulties of socialization, adaptation problems are not solved.
In other words, the pupils of an orphanage, leaving its threshold, know how, with rare exceptions, to “be an orphan.” They hope for patronage and have “learned helplessness,” not suspecting that they can rely on their own resources.
The transition to independent living is an important moment in the life of anyone. young man: both the one who leaves the institution and the one who leaves the parental family into adulthood. This transition to independent living comes with significant stress.
Yesterday's graduate of the Institution needs to get used to independent existence and responsibility for his life. Like teenagers from relatively prosperous families, they try to understand themselves and determine their path.
The state, represented by the administration of children's boarding institutions, undertakes the obligation to educate, educate, and provide orphans and children without parental care with everything they need. But independent, adult life poses problems for children for which in reality they are unprepared.
Graduates of orphanages are more likely than their peers to become participants or victims of crime, lose their jobs or housing, have difficulty starting a family, and much faster become alcohol and drug abusers and victims of suicide. Their entry into independent life is fraught with great difficulties and is not always successful. The reasons for difficulties in a child’s entry into the system of social relations can be completely different. First of all, they are associated with orphans’ inadequate perception of the demands that society makes.
The ideal for any child left without parental care is to be placed in any family format, from foster care to adoption. This is a very difficult task and at present this process is underway in the country, it is progressing successfully, but experience shows that there are still many problems with the family placement of children.
If we solve the problem of social adaptation and socialization of children - orphans and children left without parental care, who for various reasons live in the Institution, then this should be done only in the context of the spiritual and moral education of children, the organization of children’s lives in conditions as close as possible to home and relying on the love and experience of people directly interested in the fate of their charges.
We have created optimal conditions in our House for children who, for one reason or another, cannot be placed in a foster family.
In addition, we have begun very important and responsible work to prevent social orphanhood: we accept children whose parents are temporarily and for very good reasons unable to fulfill their parental responsibilities, but at the same time do not want to part with their children. Help and timely support from birth parents help save the family and not deprive children of shelter and the love of those closest to them.
When creating the Kovalevsky Center for Assistance to Children, it was decided that this would be a Home for Children, it would have to live a full-fledged life at home and in no case should it turn into a year-round children's camp with children staying there around the clock, and the upbringing of children should not be replaced decent leisure activities and organization of useful planned events - there are other institutions for this: children's camps, sanatoriums, institutions of additional education, etc.
The essence of the educational space of the Children's Home is that the life of our children is not only organizationally as close as possible to life in an ordinary family, but internally it is not formal, and is not divided into decades of “politeness”, “patriotism”, and various actions and events.
The school education system is the most important component of organizing the lives of our students. Most of our children find it extremely difficult to master the secondary school curriculum. Many of them simply did not have the opportunity to study normally in primary school, so school learning skills are simply not developed. There are other reasons that gave rise to this problem, but in any case, studying is very hard and painstaking work for both children and their teachers. Specialists work with all children: psychologist, speech therapist, defectologist; in addition, the practice of hiring tutors in mathematics and other subjects is widely used to comprehensively assist children in mastering educational standards. The Kovalevsky assistance center does not have its own school; all the children study in educational institutions in the city of Nerekhta. The Kovalevsky Children's Assistance Center is forced to have and maintain its own school bus.
Teaching our children together with ordinary children growing up in a family undoubtedly contributes to their development through the creation of educational situations in the school environment, the expansion of their social contacts, and increased self-esteem. Very interesting fact from the lives of our children: never, not once, were they teased by “orphanage children”; there were no conflicts on this basis.
The main problem and misfortune of the state system of caring for orphans is the isolation of socialization programs for pupils from real life, raising children “in parts”: labor education, intellectual, aesthetic development in the form of lessons, knowledge about the family and the world around them - excursions, conversations, thematic classes. This gives rise to children’s lack of opportunities for self-realization, self-identification, and voluntary and free knowledge of the world and positive human relationships in it.
In the post-Soviet period, before the entry into force of Federal Law - 273 “On Education of the Russian Federation” dated December 29, 2012, the life of orphans and children left without parental care was regulated by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation and was built in accordance with the requirements for standard orphanages.
On January 1, 2015, Federal Law No. 442 of the Russian Federation “On the fundamentals of social services for citizens” came into force Russian Federation", from 01.09.15 - Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 481 “On the activities of organizations for orphans and children left without parental care, and on the placement of children left without parental care in them” - from this moment on, the country will fundamentally - new tasks are set and solved for the life management of minors left without parental care.
The need to adopt RF Government Resolution No. 481 is due to the new wording of Art. 151.1 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation, according to which the powers of the Government of the Russian Federation include establishing a list of activities and services provided by organizations for orphans, the procedure for carrying out these activities, requirements for the conditions of maintenance and upbringing of orphans.
Since September 1, 2015, the non-profit educational institution “Kovalyovsky Orphanage” has become a social institution, the Kovalevsky Center for Assistance to Children Without Parental Care. We now not only work, but provide social services.
Targeting of social services: orphans; children left without parental care; children with legal representatives who are temporarily, for good reasons, unable to fulfill their duties in relation to the child; persons from among orphans and children left without parental care.
It is expected that regional features of social policy in the field of child protection will be taken into account at a very high federal standard.
Positive changes with the adoption of new legislation in the social sphere of work with children who find themselves in difficult life situations - the geography of recipients of social services in our institution can now cover all regions of Russia (when the appropriate interdepartmental procedures are developed) and there is an opportunity to work with the blood family of a child in difficult situations in a difficult life situation, to prevent his removal from the family and transfer to a government agency.
A strict priority in the work of any organization for orphans and children left without parental care is placing children in foster families, under guardianship or adoption.
Practical implementation of state policy to improve the situation of children in the Russian Federation, in particular minors left without parental care.
The material and technical base for the practical implementation of state policy to improve the situation of children left without parental care is available at the Kovalevsky Children's Assistance Center to the required extent.
Principles for organizing work in the Institution:
The principle of separation of boys and girls. 20 years of experience has shown that living separately for children contributes to their more successful social adaptation and socialization. Our children do not live in a closed space, they attend city kindergartens, study in regular schools, meet with friends, including girls, invite them to visit them, to join the Family, and participate together in all school events and competitions.
The principle of the hierarchical - value structure of education. Education at the Kovalevsky Center for Assistance to Children has a clear hierarchical and value-based subordinate system, at the head of which is the education of the spirit, then psychological assistance and pedagogical correction, and, finally, strengthening the body and the formation of a healthy lifestyle. The spiritual-moral sphere, the religious, is of central importance in the hierarchy of mental forces, but there is no psychological need for its development to provide a lot of purely religious material. The experience of many years of work has shown that simply everyday life and its atmosphere can nourish and deepen religious forces, cultivate a moral core - everything entirely depends on the spiritual attitude, depends on the spirit that reigns in the House, the Family. Living memory of the spiritual, moral, cultural and historical heritage of Russia and education based on the best examples of native history make the educational process meaningful and meaningful. The task of religious education should be accepted not as a system of external coercion, but as helping adults to reveal the best movements of the child’s soul, as nurturing free love for the Church - and so that this freedom nourishes love for the Church.
The principle of family and tradition. Home education. By shaping the spiritual and moral core of children, you can change the system of their life values, change the motivation of the children, and, accordingly, their behavior. Only a family can cope with such a difficult task. The family, as an island of love and reliability, allows the child to assimilate the experience of generations in all its complexity and versatility in the most natural and logical form, while simultaneously giving a sense of support and confidence in their past, present and future. Only an Orthodox family, using thousands of years of experience in Christian education, can ensure the continuity of generations and raise full-fledged respectable citizens, responsible family men and Christians. HOME EDUCATION at the Kovalevsky Children's Assistance Center includes all the multifaceted, complex, interconnected work on the rehabilitation of orphans and children left without parental care, on their socialization and social adaptation based on Orthodox pedagogy, in which main role plays the contact of children with the Sacrament - especially with Confession and Communion, and all life is built in an atmosphere of free, complete, trusting love for the Church, for its history and traditions, inextricably linked with the history, culture and traditions of the Fatherland.
The principle of practical orientation of education. The main problem and misfortune of the state system of caring for orphans is the isolation of socialization programs from real life, raising children “in parts”: labor education, intellectual, aesthetic development in the form of lessons, knowledge about the family and the world around them - excursions, conversations, thematic classes. This determines the children’s lack of opportunities for self-realization, self-identification, and voluntary and free knowledge of the world and positive human relationships in it. We strive to raise active people, adapted to everyday life, capable of mutual understanding and communication, possessing a conscience and able to apply all their knowledge and skills in life. Our children must know not only their rights and be able to defend them, they must know their duties and the extent of their responsibility in all spheres of life.
According to the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST R 54343-2011
"Social services to the population. Procedure and conditions for the provision of social services to children" at the Kovalevsky Center for Assistance to Children, the entire range of social services is provided (social, social, medical, socio-psychological, socio-pedagogical, socio-legal and others, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation) to provide students with the most complete and timely social adaptation to life in society, family, education and work.
The National Strategy for Action in the Interests of Children for 2012–2017 (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 761 of June 1, 2012) suggests paying special attention to vulnerable categories of children, including children without parental care. For this purpose, it is proposed to form a new public-state system of raising children, ensuring their socialization, a high level of citizenship, patriotism, tolerance and law-abiding behavior, including developing and implementing forms of work with such children, allowing them to overcome their social exclusion and promoting rehabilitation and full-fledged integration into society. It is proposed to solve this problem through the active development of a system of additional educational services.
At the Kovalevsky Children's Assistance Center there is a serious block of work that ensures the implementation of additional general educational developmental programs, and not only our children, but also children from the surrounding society can study in sections and clubs free of charge.
In the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 29, 2015 No. 996 - r “Strategy for the development of education in the Russian Federation for the period until 2025,” work to increase the effectiveness of comprehensive support for vulnerable categories of children (those without parental care and children) is named as one of the priority strategic objectives of the state – orphans), facilitating their social rehabilitation and full integration into society.
The Kovalevsky Children's Assistance Center has created a unique system of supporting and educating children: from their home education in the Family to work on their rehabilitation and development through a system of additional education, active recreation and medical support.
In addition, some of the most important areas for the development of education in the country are:
- Development of variability in educational systems and technologies aimed at creating an individual trajectory for the development of a child’s personality, taking into account his needs, interests and abilities.
- Development of forms of inclusion of children in intellectual-cognitive, creative, labor, socially useful, artistic-aesthetic, physical culture-sports, gaming activities, including through the use of the potential of the system of additional education for children and other organizations in the field of physical education and sports, culture.
- Labor education and professional self-determination in the government program document on the strategy for the development of education in the country is considered from the point of view of updating the educational process, taking into account modern achievements of science and on the basis of domestic traditions and assumes:
- Instilling in children respect for work and working people, labor achievements.
- Formation in children of self-service skills, the need to work, a conscientious, responsible and creative attitude to various types of work activities, including learning and performing household duties.
- Development of teamwork skills, the ability to work independently, mobilizing the necessary resources, correctly assessing the meaning and consequences of one’s actions.
- Promoting professional self-determination of children, introducing them to social meaningful activities for a meaningful career choice.
The construction strategy and quality of work at the Kovalevsky Center for Assistance to Children fully complies with the main educational objectives set at the state level and therefore the Institution is included in the register of social service providers in the Kostroma region.
Training of pupils of the Kovalevsky Children's Assistance Center to independent life.
Preparing orphans and children left without parental care for independent living has always been an acute state problem. The state care system covers almost all children in need of care and undoubtedly creates the necessary material prerequisites for their full development and preparation for adult life.
However, the traditional educational system and the organization of life in government institutions with children staying around the clock is not always able to give children the necessary skills for the conditions of adult, independent life.
The most favorable and best thing that the state can do for a “nobody’s” child is to find him adoptive parents, guardians, and return him to live and grow up in a family. But this is not always possible to do.
No matter how sad it is, orphanages and social organizations for children left without parental care will exist until the mentality of the inhabitants of the entire country changes. As long as there are parents who refuse to care for their own children, orphanages will exist. As long as the institution of foster family is imperfect and there are children who, for various reasons, cannot be placed in foster care or adopted, there will be a need for the state to help such children and give them a Home. Therefore, it is necessary to do everything possible for the favorable living and upbringing of children there.
Spiritually - moral education in the Institution is an integral part of daily work. Federal Law - 124 “On the basic guarantees of the rights of the child in the Russian Federation” dated July 24, 1998 guarantees “the promotion of the physical, intellectual, mental, spiritual and moral development of children, the education in them of patriotism and citizenship, as well as the realization of the child’s personality in the interests of society and in accordance with with the traditions of the peoples of the Russian Federation and the achievements of Russian and world culture that do not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal legislation.”
THE PRIMARY MEANS of the spiritual and moral development of a child and his upbringing is the creation of such an educational and educational environment at home that would fully contribute to the spiritual renewal and formation of the pupil’s personality, in which an adequate hierarchy of goals and values of his life would be laid down and the necessary components of his full life would be formed , both in the Kovalevsky Center for Assistance to Children, and when entering independent adult life. Such a main means in the Kovalevsky Center for Assistance to Children was the residence and upbringing of a child in a Family - an artificially simulated large Family of different ages, life in which is organized according to Orthodox traditions.
If the main means of spiritual and moral education in the Kovalevsky Help Center is, first of all, the warm, loving upbringing of a child in the Family, these are spiritual exercises of the mind, feelings and heart of the child, then the BASIC FORM of educational work is joint service to goodness in Everyday life adults and children, this is the desire for mutual understanding with each other and with the outside world.
The joint activities of the child and the people around him, their kind interaction, co-experience, their joy and compassion are a necessary condition the emergence and manifestation of one of the most important abilities of a child - his kind, merciful and active attitude towards people as towards himself. The child’s kind-hearted and trusting relationships with adults and children in the Family and in the Home protect him from lies, bad influence and aggression of the unspiritual world, and the attentive, demanding and correct attitude of adult educators towards their charges contributes to the creation of an atmosphere of mutual understanding in the Family.
When creating the Kovalevsky Orphanage (or simply the House), and now the Kovalevsky Center for Assistance to Children Left Without Parental Care, 20 years ago, a fundamental decision was made that children would live and be raised in Families, in conditions as close as possible to normal home conditions.
Each such Family, designed for a maximum of 8 children, lives in a separate apartment with almost complete self-service; a teacher on duty is always with the children. The composition of adults who work with the Family does not change. The guys live in rooms designed for 2 or maximum 3 people. Each Family is a separate apartment, where there are children’s bedrooms, a teacher’s room, several bathrooms, a common room and a pantry-dining room.
Each family has its own small plot of land.
This home principle of organizing life helps create conditions for children to naturally master various functional roles in the family. The family way of life plays an important role in destroying in pupils the psychological stereotype of a hostel, characteristic of this type of children, where everything is common, “nobody’s”; The kids develop a conscious sense of ownership - this is my thing, this is our family’s thing, they need to be looked after and taken care of.
Raising in a Family allows you to compensate for children living from the moment of birth not only in a disadvantaged social environment, but also surrounded by informational and emotional hunger. The children lived without bright colors, without love and warm smiles, without children's games and mother's songs, without reading books, without drawing and much more. Parenting in a Family makes it possible to create for children a diverse, rich and understandable developmental environment for every child.
Male educators in the Institution, unfortunately, do not stay long due to low salaries, therefore, in the personnel and social policy of the House there is an unbreakable rule - all adults must be worthy of being an example of an Adult for a child. This applies to the coaching staff, numerous friends and trustees who take an active part in the life of the Kovalevsky Center for Assistance to Children, participants in hikes and trips, and employees of the administrative and economic department.
Each Family is strictly individual and unique. Everything is unique: the layout of the apartment (no one is the same), and the composition of the teachers (with their experience, knowledge), and the interests of the children, their health, character and their preferences, their favorite food, pets, holidays and traditions - all that which constitutes a unique style that defines the very concept of “family”.
The ESSENCE of the educational space of the Kovalevsky Center for Assistance to Children, therefore, lies in the fact that the life of our children is not only organizationally as close as possible to life in an ordinary family, but internally it is not formal, is not divided into decades of “politeness”, “patriotism”, various promotions and events.
Spiritual and moral education, sports, work, travel, competitions, homework preparation, health care, etc. - all these are elements of our everyday life, they do not exist on their own, they are interconnected, complement and enrich each other.
Taking into account the above, at the Kovalevsky Center for Assistance to Children Left Without Parental Care, the Russian Monthly Program was developed, aimed at solving the problem of social adaptation of orphans and children left without parental care, their socialization. The “Russian Monthly” program is based on the concept of goals, objectives, main directions and principles of activity of the Kovalevsky Help Center.
Calendar basis for constructing educational work according to the “Russian Monthly” program - Orthodox church calendar, in accordance with which all educational and educational work in Families is planned and constructed. Such an event-based and meaningful basis for planning work allows us to most fully take into account all the features of living and raising children in the Kovalevsky Children's Assistance Center: the children's life in the Family, in conditions as close as possible to normal home life (very unlike the organized round-the-clock life of a government-run children's institution); a combination of individual work with each child while maintaining the integrity and uniqueness of the atmosphere of each Family and the entire Home for Children. Individual work involves raising children, taking into account their age and psychophysical characteristics, their state of physical health, their interests and hobbies.
Home measured life with its daily and seasonal worries, government, Orthodox holidays and holiday traditions of the Family, vacation travel and communication with interesting people - all this brings joy to children's lives, imparts a special rhythm of spiritual life to children and adults in the Family and in the Children's Home, helps to understand the meaning of the spiritual and cultural-historical traditions of their country and remain in a child’s memory with a “drop of happiness.”
Our work experience and analysis of the life conditions of graduates of various forms of foster families have shown that the optimal way for the harmonious and moral development of an orphan is a real foster family with full-fledged family relationships.
If we talk about the Institution for orphans and children left without parental care, then the system that has existed in the Kovalevsky orphanage for many years has also proven its effectiveness and it turned out that exactly this example of the life structure of children left without parental care is enshrined in the legislation of the Russian Federation, from 01.09.15.
An important part of our work is the accompaniment and support of our graduates. All our guys save friendly relations after they go out into independent life, they support each other morally and financially. There are also strong established friendships, real male friendship. The guys get education, from secondary vocational to higher education, work, establish their own family life. We maintain relationships with almost all of our graduates on social networks; many guys visit us in their free time. Having excellent sports training and health, they serve with dignity in the ranks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and subsequently choose contract army service.
We help our children enroll in educational institutions, accompany them during their studies, solve their housing and all problems that arise.
It is difficult to even count the number of term papers and theses, master's and doctoral dissertations that were written based on the experience of the Kovalevsky Children's Assistance Center.
The director of the Kovalevsky Orphanage, Archpriest Andrei Voronin, in addition to church awards, has a number of government awards: the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree, the Patriot of Russia medal, and in 2006 he was named “Person of the Year” for the Kostroma Region.
Home education in the Kovalevsky orphanage is unique. Experience in creating Families - family - educational groups, united common House, a general concept of development, but having its own individuality and uniqueness, has been tested through many years of experience and can become in our country one of the basic models of organizations for children without adult care.
In this difficult matter, we are actively helped by our friends, who not only provide us with significant financial assistance, but also give us their time, attention and care.
We are grateful to everyone who has been with us for almost two decades.
Some have been with us for many years, despite crises and their own difficulties, others have just begun to get to know us, are trying to help us and provide targeted assistance.
Without all these people with big hearts, our existence would not be real.
Hieromonk John Voronin (in the world Archpriest Andrei Voronin)
Hieromonk John Voronin - born December 3, 1959 in Kerch. Graduated from the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University. Lomonosov (1985) with a degree in Glaciology, Theological Seminary (1989). He worked in the Magadan region, Spitsbergen, and the Caucasus. Director of the Kovalevsky orphanage in the village of Kovalevo near Nerekhta in the Kostroma region (since 1995). Creator of the Children's Extreme Project. Director of the private institution "Kovalyovsky Children's Assistance Center".
We ask for help. Inexorably, the time has come to replace furniture and some household appliances in families.Dear friends!
We ask for help in purchasing new furniture for children, especially soft ones. The old one will still serve for some time, but it is becoming more and more difficult to maintain it in good condition.
Dear friends!
In the fall of 2017, we installed an excellent exterior door in the gym, and in the summer of 2018 we also purchased several new mats to ensure safety during exercise.
In the spring of 2018, we completely renovated the entire medical unit: examination and treatment rooms, as well as an isolation ward.
Dear friends!
It is very important for us, despite serious financial difficulties, to preserve and develop youth sports on the basis of our House,
Not only the children who live with us are involved in sports, but also children from foster families, children from the village of Kovalevo and children from the city. We invite children from the surrounding society to attend classes free of charge; these are all children from families who do not have the means to pay for sports clubs.
Dear classmates and graduates of the Faculty of Geography! Many of us knowAndrey's father (Andrey VoroninDepartment of Glaciology, graduated in 1985). Now he has taken monastic vows under the nameJoannaand lives in a monasteryKutlumush, Mount Athos, Greece. This letter contains references to the fascinating story of Andrei Rybak, a friend of Fr. John, where he describes their joint journey to Athos (see topic"Dove over Mount Athos" ). And then a trip to visit Fr. John to the Kutlumush monastery, where he found his new house - http://www.logoslovo.ru/forum/all_1/section_43_1/topic_10143 /.
I know about. John for many years. And all these years, with faith in God, he cared about other people more than about himself. Many of us know his compassionate project " Kovalevsky orphanage"- http://kovalevo.org/. And now, when he carries out his monastic ministry with prayers for all of us, I want to help him with whatever little we can do to help him.
Vorobyova (Bozhinskaya) Lesya
Below is a letter from Father John to Andrei Rybak:
Peace be with you, dear brother! Archimandrite Christodoulus, abbot of the Kutlumush monastery, in addition to the ruins of the cell of St. Apostle Andrew gave me another object - an ancient pyrgos (tower) with a system of berths, which is the oldest port of Athos. Now this is an absolutely deserted place, where there is simply no one. Pyrgos is located about 80 meters from my ruin. Previously it was a single complex. Inside Pyrgos there is a perfectly preserved temple in honor of St. Archangels and living quarters above. It is necessary to repair the road, supply water, make some kind of heating, install windows, doors, etc. Since the object is of historical importance, every step has to be taken with caution and coordination in order to recreate the ancient appearance. I’m now trying to connect someone else to our facility, because it is very significant for Athos in general. There are a lot of very fathers huddled anywhere, Russians, of course. Thank God that Abbot Kutlumush really doesn’t refuse anyone: already in the monastery itself there are 8 Russians for every 32 brethren! This doesn't include the Kellyots. Many construction projects of cells, and practically all of them, are now frozen on the lands of Kutlumush, due to the “attack” under plausible pretexts of other monasteries on Kutlumush due to the large number of Russians whom the monastery allowed to reside. They say that construction is taking place without proper documents and permits. My situation is the most favorable: I have all the documents approved at the very top of the administration of Athos (Kinot), and there are workers who were left idle at the moment. NO MONEY. This is a well-known topic... The monastery itself is one of the poorest on Mount Athos: food is the best indicator. She's the scarcest one here. And the archimandrite sits with the brethren at the same table. Most of my friends would refuse such food even if they were hungry. They try, but not everything works out. I run from the monastery to my cell all the time: 6 km downhill and 6 km back uphill, with a height difference of 400 m. The monastery gave me a car - an old Opel Frontera, it puffs, creaks, but it drives for now. You have to carry building materials, transport workers, food, etc. Everything is very expensive. But freedom, prayer and the invaluable experience that can only be acquired here are worth it! And even more. Now it is extremely important to put every effort into organizing the lives of the Russian ascetic fathers, at least some of them. Big changes are coming in the world. However, one must clearly understand that the fate of this world is decided not by politicians and their intrigues, but in SILENCE and in the smart work of ascetic fathers. In the future, the Russian brethren will see the appearance of a whole monastery. The price of the issue is very high and is estimated at tens of thousands of euros, since the prices here are special. Very expensive delivery via ferry. We will be glad to receive any donation.
Ruble card details:
Ruble MasterCard card
Card number 5305955600875757
N 30101810500000000280
BIC 044525280
TIN 7710020212
OGRN 1037739314348
Recipient's account: 40817810600003000204
Current account details in Russian rubles:
Recipient bank: Commercial Bank "Russian Trade Bank" (limited liability company)
Corr. account in the Operations Department of the General Directorate of the Central Bank
Russian Federation for the Central Federal District of Moscow
N 30101810500000000280
BIC 044525280
TIN 7710020212
OGRN 1037739314348
Legal Address: Russian Federation, 119021, Moscow, Timur Frunze street, building 11, building 60A
Recipient's account: 40817810000000000658
Recipient: Voronin Andrey Rufovich
Card details in euros:
Euro card
Card number 5471511438512357
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An orphanage, even if it is very good, cannot replace a family. In the village of Kovalevo, near the town of Nerekhta, Kostroma Region, there is an Orthodox orphanage, the staff of which is united in the desire to create an environment close to home. This children's institution is 9 years old, where the search for optimal forms of upbringing and education of orphans is persistently and painstakingly carried out. The children of the Kovalevsky orphanage do not feel deprived of anything, they are well developed, study well, play sports, work on a large farm and treat with great respect and trust the person closest to them - the director of the orphanage, Archpriest Father Andrey. Many simply call him father.
We ask the director, Archpriest Andrei Voronin, a graduate of the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University, to tell us about this amazing institution. M.V. Lomonosov.
Father, how many children are there in the Kovalevsky orphanage?
About forty boys. Previously, it was a non-state Orthodox educational institution, but since this year, when the Department of Education issued an ultimatum: either they become the sole founders, or we will have to look for additional sources of funding, the orphanage has become a state children's institution. But he remained Orthodox.
So you, oh. Andrey, in what position in connection with this?
I am the director as a cleric of the Kostroma diocese, dean of the Nerekhta district.
Much time has passed since the announcement of cooperation between the Church and the School: the fourteenth Christmas educational readings have already taken place, joint conferences and seminars are being held everywhere, and somewhere the subject “Fundamentals” is being introduced Orthodox culture", etc. - is this enough? And who should work more with children in the spiritual and moral direction, is it the task of the priest or does it need to be specially trained for teachers?
I don’t think there is a need to separate the Church and teachers! The Church is a global system-forming structure; it must also be state-forming, shaping the spirit of this state, its mentality, its external and internal strategy. But here everything is happening rather amorphously: the Church seems to be trying to do something, but the state is in such a crisis that the number of problems is monstrous, for example, homeless and street children - an “abyss” - enormous resources are needed to solve these issues.
With regard to raising children, everyone should act together, under the leadership of the Church, naturally. The Church has enough problems of its own.
The problem of orphans is closest to you, father. At the same time, this problem is also present in the most ordinary families, there are street children, street children, do they have common roots?
These roots existed for decades, and now they have sprouted abundantly. The crisis of the state of mind in our state is lack of spirituality, atheism, like a religion. Over the course of 80 years, 4 generations have changed, for which man is not the image of God and the likeness of God. Accordingly, without God everything is permitted - and now we are reaping absolutely terrible fruits. The collapse of the family, extinction and degradation of the population is a natural result that may not be noticed if you turn on the TV! Unfortunately, the state is rather sluggish in addressing these issues, perhaps there is no one there to solve them, there is no single team that generally understands where to go and what to do...
At one time, Putin said in a speech that orphans are a problem of Russian national security - they soon forgot about it, but this is true! This is a national problem, society and the state - everyone should deal with this problem, not just the Church!
The fact is that the main task of the Church is to explain to people that the Kingdom of Heaven exists. And if people understand this, the number of orphans in our country, and problem children in general, will decrease, but when the Church rushes into this breach and tries to solve the problems of raising orphans, it does not have enough strength or resources, there is no time left for your main business.
How do you solve the most difficult and main task- How do you recruit teachers? On what principle is the orphanage organized?
Yes, staffing is the biggest problem. I think it would be easier to solve it in Moscow, but here in Kostroma, and even more so in Nerekhta, it is virtually impossible. Here such a social catastrophe occurred, about which we can have a separate conversation! Two city-forming enterprises, formerly military ones, are closed...
In our orphanage, life is built on a family principle - 6-8 boys, they have a teacher, 24 hours a day. They wanted to make sure that mothers were in the family - they sent invitations all over Russia - but who would come here!
But are there excellent conditions for both living and working? What is the reason?
First of all, it's far away. Secondly, a mother must be a believer, and with this we have a disaster... In fact, they don’t exist! If a woman is a believer, then she probably has children, grandchildren - she is in demand, and so that there are those who would leave everything and go to some Nerekhta...! We waited a year or two and realized that we needed to select our own replacement teachers!
Where do your guys study?
They study in different schools: it all depends on their capabilities and mental abilities. We study with them here, at home - we invite tutors.
What could be done effectively in solving the problems of raising children if you dreamed? Will it help if priests go to school?
Destroy the Ostankino tower! Ban television - children receive 95% of moral contamination from the “box”, and so do their parents! There is a total degradation of both children and adults, including teachers!
It’s probably possible to create alternative television, magazines, the Internet - but huge resources must be thrown at this, and again, this is essentially a war, and it will go from the information sphere to the financial one - the ratings of current programs will begin to fall, there will be an outflow of viewers... But here either - or: either slow death, or open “war” on the informational, spiritual, ideological fields!
Our problem is that we don’t have a Christian community, we all want priests and bishops to do something... Why should priests work in schools? A person can be a very good priest, take confession wonderfully, serve wonderfully, but if he is not a teacher, it is possible that he will not be able to talk to children - he will not feel them.
And you? How did it happen that you ended up next to orphans?
I’m not a teacher, but it just so happened—I don’t know how—that I work with children.
Tell us why you chose mountaineering or extreme hiking as a method of education? Not by chance?
Certainly. Firstly, children abandoned by their mother do not trust anyone, outwardly they can obey and so on, but only outwardly, more often this obedience for them is of a consumer nature. But inside there is a mistrust of adults, and we need to win and earn the child’s trust. How? We need to overcome difficulties together with the boys.
At the same time, the problem of overcoming “consumerism” and teaching basic self-service skills is solved. But, perhaps, the main thing is that under the dome of the sky and around the fire, conversations about God, man and the cosmos acquire a completely different depth. During difficult hikes, we unexpectedly noticed one significant fact: the most “difficult” children surprisingly adapted to difficult situations in terms of comfort and survival. It turns out that in extreme situations the number of vital tasks is reduced to a minimum, they become clear to them. Our “difficult” children began to liberate before our eyes and surprisingly confidently join the team. We were able to take a fresh look at some of our students and reconsider our teaching methods and approaches to many of them. Now the hike has turned from a difficult, but still a rest, into painstaking work, where specific pedagogical tasks are set and solved. The results surprised us. In 10 days of a difficult hike (with well-coordinated and highly qualified personnel like ours), we achieved the same results as in 10 months!
In spiritual terms, the situation is also very favorable: in an extreme situation, a person more often thinks about the topics of the world around him, his place in it, relationships with others, dedication and feat, honor and courage. Such results can only be achieved in a real extreme situation (high mountains, caves, water, Arctic, deep taiga and desert, hiking in winter).
Many of our children have excellent mountaineering skills, have descended into harsh caves, gone through mountain passes, make regular multi-day winter ski trips even in 20-degree frost, with overnight stays in tents (there was not even a runny nose), sailing and oar trips.
In a word, it is important to learn to “pull yourself together”, and modern children are relaxed, especially our children from orphanages; they do not have time to adequately react in a rapidly changing situation, which results in passivity, apathy, and sometimes aggression towards their peers. This intensifies with age. A person “gets together” in prayer - this is difficult to teach children; in general, Orthodoxy can rather be hard-earned, it cannot be learned! On a hike, everything happens very naturally: life forces you to pull yourself together, learn to listen, understand others, and take care of them. Overcoming external difficulties and one’s weaknesses is accompanied by a person’s internal ascent to “his” Mount Tabor, transformation, helps to feel God, find self-confidence, and gives wings for life.
It can be added that unusual, difficult, but attractive situations for teenagers can act as a powerful motivator for changing their lives, the desire to achieve results, and much more.
O. Andrey, you have created excellent living conditions for boys here: wonderful apartments, workshops, a well-equipped gym, hiking - but most importantly, there is a community, one big Orthodox family. How to build such a children's community for ordinary boys, because they also need it, in any case, they willingly gather in “flocks”... Children's organizations, for example, scouting, are effective; maybe you know others?
As for scouts, so-called scouting is a very questionable thing in itself, I mean the founder of the movement, its history. True, several scout teams came here to see me, in general, I had a very good impression of the people, but overall... I have big doubts.
It can definitely be said that if we do not want to lose our children, we must understand that it is extremely important to create a children's organization; the children must have a common cause, through which they could gain both moral guidelines and social experience. In this matter, of course, the Church could provide a certain impetus.
A short story from the life of the Kovalevsky orphanage
